學(xué)科：英語教學(xué)內(nèi)容：When was it invented?
教材分析及教學(xué)要求
重點(diǎn)1. 了解古今中外的一些發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的英名字
在本單元，我們將搭乘“科技之光”，了解古今中外的一些發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的故事。我們中國有著悠久的歷史，博大的化，更有許多影響人類進(jìn)程的里程碑式的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。說起四大發(fā)明，想必大家都不陌生吧？那么，你知道它們的英名字嗎？
好了，讓我告訴大家。
對(duì)了，從左到右，從上往下，分別是火藥（gun powder），指南針( compass )，造紙術(shù)( paper making )，印刷術(shù)( printing )。
認(rèn)識(shí)了它們的英表達(dá)后，是不是學(xué)起歷史更加有興致了？是不是更加熱愛我們的祖國了？沒錯(cuò)！每個(gè)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的背后都有許許多多有趣、辛苦的故事。大家可以通過上網(wǎng)、看書，查到許多這方面的資料，從而豐富我們的視野。
任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)
任務(wù)Ⅰ. 請(qǐng)將下列發(fā)明歸類
computer, TV, car, hand-held calculator, camera, shoes with adjustable heels, umbrella, telephone, flying disk, heated ice cream scoop, light bulb, hamburgers, radio, microwave oven, potato chips, pizza, vacuum cleaner, tea, abacus, binoculars, bicycle, battery operated slippers, alarm clock,
生活用品___________ ____________ _________
___________ ____________ _________ _________
___________ ____________ _________ _________
___________ ____________
辦公用品 ___________ ____________ _________
交通用品 ___________ ____________
科學(xué)工具 ___________
食物___________ __________ _________ _________
重點(diǎn)2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
什么是被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？請(qǐng)先看下面兩個(gè)例子：
I open the door. 我打開門。
The door is opened by me. 門被我打開。
哦！原表示某物被某人怎么樣的時(shí)候，我們可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示。那么，被動(dòng)語態(tài)是怎么構(gòu)成的呢？
某物 + be 動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + by + 某人
1．把主動(dòng)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)態(tài)的方法是把動(dòng)詞to be變成原的主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，再加上主動(dòng)態(tài)里動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。
主動(dòng)態(tài)： Bell invented telephones. 貝爾發(fā)明了電話機(jī)。
在這個(gè)主動(dòng)態(tài)句子中，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，所以，變成被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，首先要把to be 變成它的一般過去時(shí)形式，即：was / were。然后加上主動(dòng)態(tài)里的動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。于是就變成了：
Telephones were invented by Bell. 電話機(jī)被貝爾發(fā)明了。
注意進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)態(tài)。這種語態(tài)有時(shí)似乎難以使用，因?yàn)樗笥胻o be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，這種形式在其他方面用得不多。
主動(dòng)態(tài)：They are repairing the bridge.
他們正在修橋。
被動(dòng)態(tài)：The bridge is being repaired by them.
橋正在被他們修理。
2．主、被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)照表：
時(shí)態(tài)/動(dòng)詞形式
主動(dòng)態(tài)
被動(dòng)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
keeps
is kept
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
is keeping
is being kept
一般過去時(shí)
kept
was kept
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
was keeping
was being kept
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
has kept
has been kept
過去完成時(shí)
had kept
had been kept
一般將時(shí)
will keep
will be kept
虛擬語氣
would keep
would be kept
3. 本單元出現(xiàn)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
Who was it / were they invented by?
它（它們）是由誰發(fā)明的？
It was / They were invented by … + sb.
它（它們）是由……發(fā)明的。
When was it / were they invented by?
它（它們）是什么時(shí)候被發(fā)明出的？
It was / They were invented … + time
它（它們）是……被發(fā)明出的。
What is it / are they used for?
它（它們）有什么用途呢？
It is / They are used for + doing sth.
它（它們）被用……。
任務(wù)Ⅱ. 請(qǐng)用下列詞匯編幾組特殊疑問句。（用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
electric slippers, adjustable heels, tea, microwave ovens, potato chips
1.__________________________? (When)
2.__________________________? (When)
3.__________________________? (What)
4.__________________________? (Who)
5.__________________________? (Who)
任務(wù)Ⅲ. 請(qǐng)仿照sample，編三組對(duì)話介紹中國的四大發(fā)明吧！（ Four Great Inventions ）
Clues:
What: paper making
Wh Cai Lun
When: one thousand eight hundred years ago
What…for: record information
A: What do you think is the most important invention?
B: That is paper making.
A: Who was it invented by?
B: It was invented by Cai Lun.
A: When was it invented?
B: It was invented one thousand eight hundred years ago.
A: What is it used for?
B: It is used for recording information.
下面的表格將幫助你完成編對(duì)話。
the names of inventions
when
who
be used for
gun powder
Tang Dynasty
don’t know
exploding, war, fireworks
compass
War Dynasty
Chinese people
knowing the direction
printing
one thousand ,three hundred years ago
Bi Sheng
printing
paper making
one thousand eight hundred years ago
Cai Lun
recording information
任務(wù)Ⅳ. 閱讀理解
Future computer
Do you forget to turn off the lights and heateas when you go out of a room? In 2004 it will not matter. They will turn themselves off and on again when your return. You will choose the temperature for each room the lighting and the humidity. (濕度) A sensor will detect ( 察覺) the presence of a human ( and, with luck, ignore ( 忽略 ) the dog!) and turn the systems on, and when the humans leave it will turn them off again.
The sensors will work through the central home computer, and they will do much more than just turn the fire and lights on and off for you. They will detect faulty electrical equipment, wires or switches, separate ( 隔離) them so that they can’t harm anyone, and then warn you that they need repair. They will detect fire and if you are out of the house, the computer will call the fireman. It will also call the police if the sensors detect a robber. This will not be too difficult because the locks on the outside doors will be electronic. You will open them using our personal card------ the one you use for shopping-----may be using a number known only to you.
It will be important to lose the key, and a housebreaker will have to tamper ( 亂動(dòng)) with the lock or with a windo It is not very difficult to make such tampering send a signal ( 信號(hào) ) to the computer.
The computer will be more than a fireman-policeman-servant. It will be an entertainer, and most of your entertainment will come right into your home. It does now, of course, but by 2040 entertainment will mean much more. You will be able to take part actively, rather than just watching.
Questions:
1.Can the future computer help you turn on and off the lights?
_____________________________________.
2.Can the future computer warn you that the electrical equipment need repair?
_____________________________________.
3.If you are out of the house, who will call the fireman?
_____________________________________.
4.In the future, what will you use to open the door?
_____________________________________.
5.Are you able to take part in the entertainment on computer at home in the future?
_____________________________________.
參考答案
任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)
任務(wù)Ⅰ.
生活用品 telephone, TV, shoes with adjustable heels, battery operated slippers, heated ice cream scoop, alarm clock, light bulb, radio, microwave oven, vacuum cleaner, umbrella, flying disk, camera
辦公用品 computer, handed-held calculator, abacus,
交通工具 car, bicycle,
科學(xué)工具 binoculars
食物 potato chips, pizza, hamburgers, tea
任務(wù)Ⅱ.
1. When were electric slippers invented?
2. When were shoes with adjustable heels invented?
3. What is tea used for?
4. Who was microwave ovens invented by?
5. Who were potato chips invented by?
任務(wù)Ⅲ.
1.A: What do you think is the most important invention?
B: That is gun powder.
A: Who was it invented by?
B: I don’t kno
A: When was it invented?
B: It was invented in Tang Dynasty.
A: What is it used for?
B: It is used for the war,
2.A: What do you think is the most important invention?
B: That is compass.
A: When was it invented?
B: It was invented in War Dynasty.
A: Who was it invented by?
B: It was invented by Chinese people.
A: What is it used for?
B: It is used for knowing the direction.
3.A: What do you think is the most important invention?
B: That is printing.
A: When was it invented?
B: It was invented one thousand three hundred years ago.
A: Who was it invented by?
B: It was invented by Bi Sheng.
A: What is it used for?
B: It is used for printing.
任務(wù)Ⅳ.
1.Yes, it can.
2.Yes, it can.
3.The computer.
4.Your personal card.
5.Yes, I can.
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相關(guān)閱讀：Unit 9 When was it invented 學(xué)案