Unit 21 What are you doing?
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
一、語(yǔ)音
tr: [tr]tree train truck true
dr: [dr]drive hundred dress drink
ts/tes: [ts]kites cats its let’s
ds/des: [dz]beds birds friends kids
二、詞匯
1、單詞
make, homework, read, write, sleep, cook, talk, open, close, wear, Sunday, park, toy, lake, clear,
2、詞組
make the bed 整理床鋪
do homework 作家庭作業(yè)
look for 尋找
talk with sb. 跟某人交談
take photos 照相
play computer game 玩電腦游戲
listen to 聽(tīng)…
sing a song 唱歌
三、日常用語(yǔ)
1.What are you doing?
I’m (I am) playing football.
2.What’s he / she doing?
He / She’s singing / writing / drawing.
3.What are they doing?
They are (They’re)running.
4.Am I playing football?
Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
5.Are you writing?
Yes, I am./ No, I’m not. (I am not.)
6.Is he / she / Mary reading a book?
Yes, he is./ she is. / she is. (He’s/ she’s reading.)
7.Are they cleaning the classroom?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
8.??Could you come here, please?
??Certainly.
四、語(yǔ)法
1:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其基本用法
2: 進(jìn)一步掌握祈使句的用法
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1，The girl is reading a book.
look, see, watch, read 用法
�。�1）①look 表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：
Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。
Look! What’s that over there? 看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？
�、� 單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如：
He’s looking at me。他正在看著我。
�。�2）see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如：
What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？
Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it? 看黑板！你看到了什么？
�。�3）watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：
Yesterday we watched a football match on TV. 昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。
（4）read表示“看書(shū)（報(bào)、文章）等文字性的東西。表示為弄懂其中的含義而看。如：
Lily is reading a new book. 莉莉正在看一本新書(shū)。
2，He’s putting on his clothes.
put on, wear, in 用法
put on意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作。
Wear則意為“穿著，戴著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿”的狀態(tài)或效果。Wear除此之外還可用來(lái)表示“戴著”非服裝類的其他東西。
Put on后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。
In 是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。
如：
She wears an old blouse today.她穿著一件舊襯衫。
She’s wearing a new skirt today. 她今天穿著一件新裙子。
The students wear school clothes. 學(xué)生們穿著校服。
It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。
He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。
The woman in white shirt is John’s mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。
3， Are you making dumplings?
①make 制作，制造，用原料做成成品；make a car/bread/clothes制造小汽車(chē)/面包/衣服
Marry’s mother make the bed everyday. 瑪莉的媽媽每天都整理床鋪。
�、趍ake sb. do sth.使、讓某人做某事
Marry’s mother make Marry do sports every morning. 瑪莉的媽媽讓瑪莉每天早晨都鍛煉身體。
�、踡ake, do都是“做”，但意義不同。
do則表示做事、工作、練習(xí)、功課、家務(wù)等。如：
Can you make a sweater? 你會(huì)織毛衣嗎？
Do you know how to make a kite? 你知道怎么做風(fēng)箏嗎？
Don’t do it like that. 不要那樣做。
He does his lessons very carefully. 他做功課很仔細(xì)。
4，She is looking for something. 她正在尋找某物。
look for, find用法
look for 意為“尋找”，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作，并不注重“找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如：
She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。
Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find. 湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒(méi)能找到。
5，be sleeping, be asleep用法
be sleeping 表示動(dòng)作，意思是“正在睡覺(jué)”；
be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。如：
---What are the children doing in the room?
---They are sleeping
孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？他們正在睡覺(jué)。
The children are asleep now. 現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。
6，clean, clear用法
兩者都可以做形容詞。Clean 是“干凈”的意思，與dirty是反義詞。Clear不僅包含了clean的意思，更強(qiáng)調(diào)了“明凈”的意思，即能透過(guò)外面看到里面或深處。如：
The water is clean. 說(shuō)明水不臟，很干凈。
The water is clear. 表示我們可以透過(guò)水面看到深處或水底。
注：在一些固定搭配中，如：clear sky 晴空，clear eyes 明亮的眼睛，等的clear不能被clean代替。
7．Certainly
當(dāng)對(duì)某人的請(qǐng)求表示肯定時(shí)可用Certainly或Sure等作答，表示否定時(shí)用Certainly not或Not at all。等作答。例如：
A: Could you spare me some football tickets?
B: Sure/ Certainly. Here you are.
A:你能分給我?guī)讖埱蚱眴幔?br>
B:當(dāng)然可以。給你。
8. open/turn on
open指打開(kāi)門(mén)、窗戶、書(shū)、信箋等物品，反意詞是close；turn on指打開(kāi)電燈，水龍頭開(kāi)關(guān)，收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)等開(kāi)關(guān)，其反意詞為turn off。例：
�、� Open the window, please. It’s too hot today. 請(qǐng)打開(kāi)窗戶，天太熱了
�、� Please turn on the TV. 請(qǐng)打開(kāi)電視
【語(yǔ) 法】
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或先階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：助動(dòng)詞be(am, is, are) + 動(dòng)詞-ing 構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞am, is, are的選擇要根據(jù)句中主語(yǔ)的人稱或數(shù)來(lái)決定。為記憶方便，可利用下列口訣：我(I)用am, 你(you) 用are，is用于他(he)，她(she)，它(it)，凡是復(fù)數(shù)都用are。主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)be動(dòng)詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用are。be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)在此作助動(dòng)詞，本身無(wú)詞意，和后面實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的-ing形式一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞 + ing在語(yǔ)法上叫作“動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。
1， 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：
PS:但動(dòng)詞see(看見(jiàn))不能以上述方式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞，因?yàn)閑e是字母組合，發(fā)[i:]，不屬以上范疇。see的現(xiàn)在分詞是seeing.
2， 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定式，否定式，疑問(wèn)句及其回答。
肯定句形式是：主語(yǔ) + be（am, is, are） + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他。例如：
① I’m reading English in the classroom. 我正在教室朗讀英語(yǔ)。
�、� She is watching TV at her room. 她正在房間里看電視。
�、� The students are playing ball games on the playground.學(xué)生們正在操場(chǎng)上打球。
否定句形式是：主語(yǔ)+be（am, is, are）+not+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他。Not可以和be動(dòng)詞縮寫(xiě)。例如：
�、� I’m not writing. I’m reading now. 我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)寫(xiě)，我正在讀書(shū)。
�、� They aren’t cleaning the classroom. 他們沒(méi)在打掃教室。
疑問(wèn)句形式是：Be（Am, As, Are）+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他？
肯定回答用Yes，主語(yǔ)+be。否定回答用No，主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞的否定形式。例如：
① --- Are you writing a letter now?
--- Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
--- 你在寫(xiě)信嗎？
--- 是的，我在寫(xiě)。 /不，我沒(méi)寫(xiě)。
�、� --- Is Lily watching TV?
---- No, she isn’t. She is doing her homework.
--- 莉莉在看電視嗎？
--- 不，她沒(méi)看。她在做家庭作業(yè)。
�、� ---- Are the children playing football?
--- Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t.
--- 孩子們正在踢足球嗎？
--- 是的，他們?cè)谔摺?不，他們沒(méi)在踢。
特殊疑問(wèn)句形式是:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他？回答時(shí)，不用Yes, 或No，須作具體回答。例如：
�、� --- What are they doing?
--- They are swimming.
--- 他們?cè)谧鍪裁矗?br>
--- 他們?cè)谟斡尽?br>
�、� --- Where are the girls playing?
--- They are playing in the garden.
--- 女孩子們?cè)谀膬和婺兀?br>
--- 她們?cè)诨▓@里玩。
�、� --- Who is he talking to?
--- He’s talking to his father.
--- 他在和誰(shuí)說(shuō)話？
--- 他在和他爸爸說(shuō)話。
祈使句的用法
祈使句是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭的句子，它的主語(yǔ)you通常省略不用。如：
Open the door, please.
祈使句有三種情況：
�、� Do型（以行為動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的），如：。
Close the door, please. 關(guān)門(mén)
Don’t close the door. 別關(guān)門(mén)
② 型（以be開(kāi)頭的）如：。]
Be quite, please. 請(qǐng)安靜
Don’t be late. 別遲到
�、� 型（以let開(kāi)頭的）如：別讓他走。
Let’s go home. 我們回家吧
Don’t let him go. 別讓他走！
【練習(xí)檢測(cè)】
單項(xiàng)選擇
1、 We are doing _____.
A. our homework B. our homeworks C. his homework D. her homeworks
2、 My brother is doing_______ home work now.
A. one’s B. my C. his D. her
3、 Lucy is ________ blue sweater today.
A. putting on B. wearing C. puting on D. wears
4、 Are the students_______ basketball?
A. doing B. playing C. play D. watch
5、 Don’t ________ it like this.
A. throwing B. throw C. reading D. writing
6、 I_______ the picture, but I can’t ______any birds in it.
A. look, see B. see, look C. look at, see D. see, look at
7、 There are thirty boys in their class. _______ of them is English.
A. All B. Some C. The other D. One
8、 _______ are the students doing? They are playing basketball.
A. What B. How C. Where D. Who
9、 ______ like this. Like this? Yes, that’s right
A. Do you jump B. Jump C. You jump D. To jump
10、Listen, Mary_______ in her room.
A. sing B. is singing C. sings D. songing
改錯(cuò)
下面各句都有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。
1. What are you listening? ( )
2. Could you come here, please? I want to some help. ( )
3. Look at over there. What are the Young Pioneers doing? ( )
4. Lily is wearing a blue trousers and a red blouse. ( )
5. The woman is in white is Miss Gao. ( )
閱讀理解
Miss Gao: Meimei, you look worried, what's wrong?
Meimei: I can't find the twins. Can you see them?
Miss Gao: Sorry, I can't. We must find them. What are they wearing today?
Meimei: Well, Lily is wearing brown trousers and a blouse.
Miss Gao: Isn't she wearing a sweater?
Meimei: No sweater. She is wearing a red blouse.
Miss Gao: What about Lucy? Is she wearing the same clothes?
Meimei: No,she is wearing green trousers and a yellow sweater.
Miss Gao: All right! Let's go and find them.
1. Is Lily wearing blue trousers today?
No, she ________ _______ ________ trousers today.
2. What colour is Lily's blouse?
________ ________ _______.
3. Is Lily wearing a sweater today?
No. She ________ ________ ________ ________.
4. What's Lucy wearing? Is she wearing the same clothes?
No. She ________ ________ ________ clothes.
5. What colour are Lucy's clothes?
Her trousers ________ ________ and her sweater ________ ________.
答案及講解
單項(xiàng)選擇
1、“做某人的作業(yè)”這是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，其中的one’s要與句子中的主語(yǔ)保持一致，主語(yǔ)是we，所以C、D兩答案不行，而homework是不可數(shù)名詞，無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式，故本題選A
2、主語(yǔ)my mother相當(dāng)與第三人稱he，所以選C.
3、wear動(dòng)詞“穿、戴”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿”的狀態(tài)。put on動(dòng)詞“”穿上，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿”的動(dòng)作。In介詞，也表示“穿、戴”，但必須與be動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這道題應(yīng)該選B
4、play basketball打籃球?yàn)楣潭ㄔ~組。選B
5、祈使句命令式否定句，由Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形表示。選B
6、look at強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，see強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。選C
7、根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)（表系結(jié)構(gòu)）是is，此處應(yīng)選One
8、What疑問(wèn)代詞。 從答語(yǔ)可看出，文具中所缺的是賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)該選A
9、祈使句，第二人稱命令式，省略主語(yǔ)You，應(yīng)選B
10、B．在由look，listen等動(dòng)詞表示“注意聽(tīng)，看”開(kāi)頭的句子，一般要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
改錯(cuò)
1. listen to是個(gè)固定搭配，在一般疑問(wèn)句中不能省略介詞to。改為What are you listening to?
2. want是及物動(dòng)詞，后可直接跟賓語(yǔ)。改為I want some help。
3. 在表示“看……”后帶賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用look at；其后不帶賓語(yǔ)時(shí)就不用介詞at。改為L(zhǎng)ook over there。
4. trousers本身不能用a來(lái)修飾。改為L(zhǎng)ily is wearing blue trousers and a red blouse。
5. in white是個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，意為“穿著……的”，做定語(yǔ)，修飾the woman。其前不能用動(dòng)詞is。改為T(mén)he woman in white is Miss Gao.
閱讀理解
1．從“Lily is wearing brown trousers... ”可以看出，應(yīng)該填：is wearing brown。
2．從“She is wearing a red blouse.”判斷，應(yīng)該填：It is red。
3．從“No sweater. She is wearing a red blouse.”可以看出，應(yīng)該填：is wearing a blouse。
4．從“Lily is wearing brown trousers and a blouse.”和“No, she (Lucy) is wearing green trousers and a yellow sweater.”可以看出，應(yīng)該填：is wearing different。
5. are green, is yellow。
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