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M5U2 The environment
Language Points
Reading:
1. I am talking to you about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
waste名詞(不可數(shù))、形容詞、動詞
1)認為它是一張廢紙,他們可能把它扔掉了.
They probably threw it away, thinking it was waste paper.
2) 同她爭論是浪費時間.
It is a waste of time arguing with her.
3) 浪費時間來討論這件事是如何發(fā)生是沒有用的.
It is no use wasting time discussing how it happened.
4) 我多么后悔浪費了這么多時間玩電腦游戲.
How I regretted wasting so much time playing computer games.
2. Factories produce large amounts of poisonous chemicals.
a large amount of= large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞
人們急需大量的金錢。
A large amount of money is needed badly.
復(fù)習(xí)幾個“大量的”相關(guān)詞組：a great deal of +______________; a large quantity of/large quantities of +__________
3. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.
a large number of= large numbers of 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
the number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù) 表示…的數(shù)量/數(shù)目，后面的謂語動詞用單數(shù)
1) A number of students are admitted (admit) to our school this term.
2) The number of the students admitted to our school is increasing (increase) year by year.
躺，位于 lie---lay---lain---lying
說謊 lie---lied---lied---lying
放置，下蛋，產(chǎn)卵lay---laid---laid---laying
The little boy lied to his mother he saw the white hen laid two egg and he laid them on the table, but in fact, it usually lays one egg every day.
4. result in (L16)
lead to sth :導(dǎo)致=result in=contribute to=cause
The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught (catch).
反義詞：result from= happen because of 因…而起，起因于
1) Three people were killed in the accident.
The accident resulted in three people being killed.
=Three people ‘s death resulted from the accident.
2) The new building fell because of its soft base.（句型轉(zhuǎn)換）
The falling of the new building resulted from its soft base.
=Its soft base resulted in the falling of the new building.
5. The world’s population has grown by more than six times what it was in 1800.
倍數(shù)表達法
…times +as+adj./adv.+as+…
…times +比較級+than…
…times +the +名詞（size /width/length/depth/weight/…）+of+…
這條河流是那條河流的四倍長。
This river is four times as long as that one.
This river is three times longer than that one.
This river is four times the length of that one.

grow /increase /rise/climb to 增加到 grow /increase /rise/climb by增加了
1) 工人們正全力以赴，力爭使產(chǎn)量增長到五年前的三倍。
The workers are going all out to make the output rise to three times what it was five years ago.
2) 這座城市居民的收入在過去的兩年里增加了百分之六十，這讓人感到驚訝。
It is amazing that the income of the people in the city has increased/risen by60 percent in the last two years.
6. It’s our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
cut back on/upon 削減，縮減 ,減少，降低
1）政府堅決不減少搜索本?拉登的花費，最終他們成功地把他干掉了。
The government insisted on never cutting back on the cost of the search for Bin Laden and at last they succeeded in killing him.
2）許多公司正在削減人員。
Many companies are cutting back on staff at the moment.
3）因為新產(chǎn)品銷售不好，董事會成員決定削減產(chǎn)量。
As the new products aren’t selling well, the members of board have decided to cut back on production.

7. It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
concern vt 與…有關(guān)，關(guān)系到，關(guān)于 n.關(guān)心、焦慮、憂慮
concerned adj. 擔(dān)心的、關(guān)心的、掛念的
be concerned about/for 擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂...
be concerned with 關(guān)心,關(guān)注,對...感興趣 ; 與。。。有關(guān)
as far as sb/sth is concerned 就…來說，就…而論
concerning prep. 關(guān)于
1)當(dāng)船正在下沉的消息傳來時，每個人都充滿了憂慮。
Everybody was filled with concern when news came that the ship was sinking.
2)我們都在為她的安全擔(dān)憂。
We ‘re all concerned for/about his safety.
3)這件事與我們大家都有關(guān)。(concern/ be concerned with)
This matter concerns us all/We are concerned with this matter..
4)關(guān)于他的未來，他與他最親密的朋友談了很多.
Concerning his future, he talked a lot with his closest friend.
5)就我個人而言，這種壞天氣出去散步不是什么好主意。
As far as I am concerned, walking in such bad weather is not a good idea.
8．be seen as ...(P 23, L29) 被看成... ;被認為是...
be seen as + n/doing
1) 貧困和富裕被看成是一塊硬幣的兩面.
Poverty and wealth are seen as the two faces of the same coin.
2) 他被看成愚笨、壞脾氣，不樂意容人。
He is seen as being stupid, bad-tempered and unwilling to tolerate others.
類似“be seen as”的詞組還有：be considered as ; be looked on as ; be thought of as;be referred to as; be treated as
9 Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.(L48)
Asking around=When I ask around
1）一聽到這個消息，他就忍不住哭了起來。
Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying.
2）患有心臟病多年，王教授不論走到哪兒都必須隨身帶著藥。
Having suffered from heart trouble for years, the president has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes。
3）被帶領(lǐng)參觀完實驗室之后， 校長又帶領(lǐng)我們參觀了圖書館。
Having been shown around the lab, our headmaster showed us around our library.
10.What if they run out ? 它們要是耗完了會怎么樣？
What if... =what would happen if ... “要是。。。。會怎么樣？”
火車要是晚點會怎么樣呢?
What if the train is late?
Sth run out (某物)耗完、用盡
Sb run out of sth 某人用完、耗盡某物
汽油已經(jīng)用光了。
The petrol has run out /has been run out of /has been used up.
Project:
11．range (n.) 范圍 a wide range of 大量的，各種各樣的，多種多樣的
該公司銷售價格差異很大的新車子。
The company sells new cars with a wide range of prices.
range (v.) 范圍是... range from ...to..../range between...and...
他們的年齡在25至50之間.
Their ages range from 25 to 50/range between 25 and 50.
12. rely on it for water.(L5)
rely on :count or depend on sb./sth. 依賴,指望
1) Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers to help (help) us.
2) You can rely on me to keep (keep) your secret.
3)I relied on you(r) coming( come)early.
4)他這個人靠不住。
He can’t be relied on.
5）You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以放心，這項工作將提前完成。

13.Two special government projects are also under way.(P12)
under way:已在實施中，正在進行中
1)The project is under way.
2)Economic recovery is already under way.

way常用詞組：
in a way在某種程度上
in no way 決不
in this/that way 以這種/那種方式
in the way 妨礙、擋道
by way of: 途徑
no way 沒門
on one’s (the ) way 1）在途中 2）即將來臨
all the way : 一路上，自始至終
lead the way 領(lǐng)路，帶路
feel one’s way摸索前進
lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way （辛苦地）前進
make way for 讓路，讓位
14.result in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass
result in sb/one’s doing
類似的: imagine sb/one’s doing ; mind sb/one’s doing
你介意我打開窗戶嗎?
Do you mind me/my opening the window?
15.Anytime something is burnt, carbon is put into the atmosphere.(L4)
anytimg (conj) 連接狀語從句,相當(dāng)于whenever
無論什么時候你見到他,請?zhí)嵝阉�在看�?
Anytime you see hinm, please remind him to visit me.
16.....the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car
that 在英語中常指代一個不可數(shù)名詞, 在這句中指代carbon
北京的天氣比上海好很多.
The weather in Beijing is much better than that in Shanghai.
17.There are times when...... 有時候會....
有時候我們會無緣無故地生氣.

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