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2012屆高考英語(yǔ)第一輪主謂一致語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題教案
主謂一致（新人教版）
【定義】主謂一致即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須保持一致。
一、意義(語(yǔ)法)一致原則
只要確定句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)，句子的主語(yǔ)意義復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)。
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1) Physics is (be) not easy to understand.
(2) When and where to go for the on－salary holiday has (have) not been decided yet.
(3) Either of the stories is (be) very funny.
(4) Nothing is (be) impossible.
(5) Ten pounds was (be) missing from the box.
【結(jié)論1】 ①不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，一律視為單數(shù)。以s結(jié)尾的國(guó)名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名、書(shū)名等作主語(yǔ)，視為單數(shù)；有些不可數(shù)名詞如news,
maths , physics 雖然以s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)。
②表示單一概念的動(dòng)名詞、不定式或句子作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
③ “one, either, neither, each of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
④ Something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常是單數(shù)。
⑤表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、重量、數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，通�？醋饕粋�(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(6)This pair of glasses is (be) very expensive.
(7)Two series of new stamps have (have) been ordered.
【結(jié)論2】a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量詞修飾名詞，通常以量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(8)The number of the students in our school is (be) quite large and a number of teachers work (work) hard.
(9)The population of China is (be) large and most of the population are (be) farmers. [ ]
【結(jié)論3】a number of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，“許多……”，復(fù)數(shù)意義；the number of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，“……的數(shù)目”，單數(shù)意義。the population of…“……的人口數(shù)量”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)，但如果是分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、half of, the rest of the population 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)則用復(fù)數(shù)，具體指其中的多少人，復(fù)數(shù)意義。the average of…“……的平均數(shù)量”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(10)Mr. Green together with his children goes (go) to the park every Sunday.
【結(jié)論4】主語(yǔ)后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和這些短語(yǔ)前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。(因?yàn)閣ith等詞為介詞，其后跟的名詞只能是介賓，不可能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。)
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(11)The disabled are (be) well taken care of in this country.
(12)The news is (be) certain to replace the old.
(13)The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.
(14)His family are (be) all sitting in the sofa watching TV.
【結(jié)論5】 ① “the ＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)指人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果表示抽象的概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。[ ]
②分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其指代的含義確定。
③主語(yǔ)為集合名詞時(shí)，如果看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果側(cè)重其中的個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類(lèi)集體名詞常見(jiàn)的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成復(fù)數(shù)形式。
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(15)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平是一個(gè)歷史上的永恒的主題。
War and peace is (be) a constant theme in history.
(16)中國(guó)絲綢和日本絲綢質(zhì)量都很好。
Chinese and Japanese silk are (be) of good quality.
【結(jié)論6】當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時(shí)，應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。另外，當(dāng)and 連接兩個(gè)形容詞去修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)形式的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其實(shí)是指兩種不同的事物，主語(yǔ)則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù)， 那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。
【特別提醒】
英語(yǔ)中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有：
iron and steel鋼鐵
law and order治安
bread and butter 黃油面包
a watch and chain一塊帶鏈的表
a knife and fork刀叉
a coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣
aim and end目的
truth and honesty真誠(chéng)
【完成句子】[ ]
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(17)What surprised me most was (be) his attitude towards his study.
【結(jié)論7】 what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要取決于作表語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(18)Such is (be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.
【結(jié)論8】 such 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)其意義而定。
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(19)Every day quantities of water are (be) wasted.
【結(jié)論9】 quantities of ＋名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不論名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)一律用復(fù)數(shù)。
二、形式一致原則
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(20)Every boy and every girl is (be) having sports now.
(21)One and a half hours is (be) not enough to me.
(22)More than one boy was (be) invited to the ball yesterday.
(23)Many a student in our class wears (wear) glasses.
【結(jié)論】
①every / each / no ＋名詞＋and every / each / no ＋名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
② “one ＋單數(shù)名詞＋and a half”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
③ “more than one ＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
④ “many a ＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【疑難】
? Did you go to the show last night?
? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.
A. were B. have been
C. has been　 D. was
【疑難剖析】答案為D項(xiàng)，根據(jù)形式一致原則。從last night可以排除B、C。以上四種情況，如果從意義上來(lái)講，主語(yǔ)有復(fù)數(shù)意義，但由于名詞都是以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的，故謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)形式上與主語(yǔ)的單數(shù)形式一致。
三、就近原則
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(24)Either I or they are (be) responsible for the result of the matter.
(25)Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has (have) caused me any distress.
【結(jié)論1】謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)常常與最近作主語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類(lèi)句子中的連詞有：or, not…but…； either…or…， neither…nor…，not only…but also…等。
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(26) In the distance was (be) heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
【結(jié)論2】在倒裝句中：謂語(yǔ)可與后面第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。
【完成句子】
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(27)Here is (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.
(28)There is (be) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. [ ]
(29)There are (be) twenty boy－students and twenty－three girl－students in the class.
【結(jié)論3】當(dāng)一個(gè)句子是由 there 或here引起，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常和最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。 [ ]





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