《新概念英語第二冊》語法精粹
十、“It”的用法和“There be”結(jié)構(gòu) 知識要點(diǎn)：一、代詞it用 法
例 句
代替前提到過的東西或事情，用作人稱代詞。This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday. 這是一本新詞典，我昨天買的。 Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it? 湯姆上月入伍了，你知道這事嗎？代替指示代詞，起著this或that的作用Is this your car? No, it isn’t. 這是你的汽車嗎？不是。 What’s that?—It’s a video. 那是什么？它是一臺錄像機(jī)。 Whose room is this?—It is theirs.這是誰的房間，是他們的。指明某人或某物的身分，還可指不明性別的嬰兒Who’s there? It’s me. (It’s John) 誰在那兒？是我。（是約翰） Go and see who it is that rings. It’s Bill. 去看看是誰的電話，是比爾。 The Greens have a new baby. It’s lovely. 格林家有一個(gè)新生嬰兒。它很可愛。指時(shí)間，距離，自然現(xiàn)象（天氣，氣候，明暗）量度，價(jià)值等It’s Sunday today. 今天是星期天。 It’s three months since he came here. 自從他到這里，已經(jīng)三個(gè)月了。 How far is it to the Great Wall .到長城有多遠(yuǎn)？ It’s getting dark. 天快黑了。 —How much is the coat? —It’s ninety dollars. 這衣服多少錢？九十美元。二、引導(dǎo)詞it用 法
例 句
形
代替不定式短語It is up to you to decide. 這事要由你決定。 It makes me happy to hear you have recovered. 聽說你恢復(fù)了健康，這使我很高興。式
主
代替動(dòng)名詞短語It’s no good smoking. 吸煙沒有好處。 It’s worthwhile working the whole night on the problem. 用整夜的時(shí)間研究那個(gè)問題是值得的。語
代替主語從句It doesn’t matter what you do. 你干什么都沒有關(guān)系。 It seems that everyone has known the news. 好象大家都知道這個(gè)消息。形式
代替不定式短語I consider it better to be early. 我認(rèn)為能夠早一些更好。 We found it impossible to get there before July . 我們覺得，要在七月以前到達(dá)那里是不可能的。賓語
代替動(dòng)名詞短語We thought it no use doing that. 我們認(rèn)為做那事沒有用。代替賓語從句The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time . 老師清楚地指出，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該按時(shí)交作業(yè)。三、it在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 其它強(qiáng)調(diào)
部分
例 句
說 明
主
語
It is I who am to blame. 是我該受責(zé)怪。 It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday. 昨天的是你叔叔。原句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)r(shí)態(tài)用It is …that(who)如果原句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，則用It was…that(who)。在賓
語
It was a new pen that other gave me . 母親給我的是一支新鋼筆。強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因或方式時(shí)不要用when, where, how, 必須用that。地點(diǎn)It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella. 我把雨傘就落在了教室里。狀
時(shí)間It is at eleven that the train leaves. 火車是在十一點(diǎn)鐘離開。方式It was just as he ordered that I acted. 我正是照他吩咐的那樣做的。語
原因It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him. 正是因?yàn)樗幘忱щy我才盡力幫助他。賓
補(bǔ)
It was red that we painted the gate. 我們把門油漆成紅的顏色。 It was chairman that they elected him . 他們選他擔(dān)任的是主席的職務(wù)。there be結(jié)構(gòu) 基本句型 結(jié) 構(gòu) 例 句there 肯定句 there be +主+其它 There is a map on the wall. 墻上有張地圖。be否定句 there be + not +主+ There is not a map on the wall. 其它 墻上沒有地圖。結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句 be + there +主+其 Is there a map on the wall? 它 墻上有地圖嗎？肯定與否定 Yes ,there is . No, there isn’t. 回答 是的，有 不，沒有特殊疑問 特殊疑問詞+ be + —How many maps are there on the wall? 句及回答 there +主+其它 墻上有多少張地圖？ —There are two. 有兩張注1：There be 句型也可以由其它動(dòng)詞代替be，常用的詞有seem to be , happen to be ,appear to be, used to be 等詞組或用live, come, stand, lie, occur, exist, flow等動(dòng)詞。 There seems to be much hope of our team beating theirs. 好象我們隊(duì)很有希望打敗他們隊(duì)。 Only there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 從前有一位老漁夫住在海邊的一個(gè)村子里。注2：There be 之后如有幾個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，用is或用are要取決于第一個(gè)主語是單數(shù)還有復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)用is,復(fù)數(shù)則用are. There is a pen, a pencil and two books on the desk. 桌上有一支鋼筆，一支鉛筆和兩本書。 There are two books, a pen and a pencil on the desk. 桌上有兩本書，一支鋼筆和一支鉛筆�！緦ｍ�(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】 it的用法 1、“Do you like fish?”“Yes, I like .” A．× B．it C．that D．them 2、 today? A．How is it B．What is it C．What is it like D．How is the weather. 3、“Do you want a watch?”“ .” A．Yes, I want it . B．Yes, I want one. C．No, I’ve got it. D．No, I’ve got the watch. 4、“Whose exercise-book is that?” “ hers” A．That is B．This is C．It’s D．Its 5、 won’t take long to get to Shanghai by air. A．That B．He C．It D．This 6、What he has done helps us a lot, ? A．isn’t he B．doesn’t he C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it 7、We all thought no use doing that. A．it B．that C．this D．there 8、I took it for granted you would come to our party. A．when B．why C．for what D．that 9、How happy to be able to study and live together with you! A．that will be B．is it C．will it be D．it will be 10、I thought it to be . A．him B．he C．its D．she 11、 very foolish of you to say so. A．It’s B．Its C．That’s D．This 12、It’s not his habit for things. A．a(chǎn)sks B．a(chǎn)sk C．to ask D．a(chǎn)sked 13、It has been a great honour coming to visit me. A．they B．you C．she D．he 14、I found to hear what he said. A．that difficulty B．it difficulty C．that difficult D．it difficult 15、He is fifty , but doesn’t A．look at it B．look for it C．look it D．look him 16、It was who telephoned me yesterday. A．him B．his C．himself D．he 17、The sentence is wrong. A．its B．it C．itself D．it’s 18、 is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment. A．It B．This C．That D．There 19、It seems John’s not coming after all. A．this B．that C．if D．to 20、 was a handbag that John gave ary at Christmas. A．It B．This C．That D．Such 21、Was the room the famous writer had ever lived in? A．that, it B．it , that C．it , where D．that, which 22、 is said that he has been to many places in the United States. A．This B．He C．It D．That 23、What you want me to do? A．it is B．that C．is this D．is it that 24、Is not important who will go? A．it B．that C．this D．× 25、Why is it everyone thinks he’s a thief? A．because B．a(chǎn)s C．when D．that 26、 being Sunday, the library was closed. A．What B．It C．That D．This 27、Is believed he is ill? A．it, that B．he, that C．it, if D．he, for 28、 is known to us ary dances best. A．She, × B．It, that C．It, she D．She, who 29、“What’s this?”“ a flag.” A．This is B．That’s C．It’s D．Its 30、Jack is ill. Have you heard about ? A．him B．it C．this D．that There be 結(jié)構(gòu) 31、Is a typewriter in the room? A．he B．there C．it D．has 32、There’s no one in the house, is ? A．it B．he C．there D．they 33、 must be something wrong. A．It B．He C．There D．They 34、 there anyone around? A．Was B．Were C．There D．Has 35、 used to be a church round the corner. A．Here B．There C．It D．It is 36、It is reported that is going to be a storm. A．it B．there C．× D．the weather 37、There still a lot of work to be done before the house is ready for occupation. A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．is D．have 38、There is a girl for the bus. A．to wait B．waiting C．waited D．wait 39、There a pine tree at the top of the hill. A．stands B．lies C．lives D．has 40、 will be a good film on at the Rex next week. A．There B．It C．That D．This 改錯(cuò),下列每句所給的選項(xiàng)中，各有一項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)的，請指出并改正。 41、He is certain that the secretary will be there.A B C D 42、I think that a good idea to get up early. A B C D 43、It makes me feel sad that see you. A B C D 44、Do you find it very dull live here? A B C D 45、It is no use to cry over spilt milk. A B C D 46、There it must have been a mistake. A B C D 47、There is going to have an English party at the weekend. A B C D 48、Is there any one who waiting to see me ? A B C D 49、There have a man sitting beyond that fence. A B C D 50、It was a car ready for us. A B C D【答案】： 1、B 2、D 3、B 4、C 5、C 6、D 7、A 8、D 9、D 10、A 11、A 12、C 13、B 14、D 15、C 16、D 17、C 18、A 19、B 20、A 21、B 22、C 23、D 24、A 25、D 26、B 27、A 28、B 29、C 30、B 31、B 32、C 33、C 34、A 35、B 36、B 37、C 38、B 39、A 40、A 41、A He－it 42、B that－it 43、C that－to 44、D live前加to 45、C to cry－crying 46、B it 去掉 47、B have－be 48、C who后加is 或把who去掉 49、A have－is 50、A It －There
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