一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
知識(shí)目標(biāo)：能正確使用Module 6 中的單詞和短語；
能力目標(biāo)：能掌握談?wù)摥h(huán)境的日常交際用語，并能簡單介紹環(huán)保舉措，勸說人們增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識(shí)；
情感目標(biāo)：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提高環(huán)保意識(shí)。
二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：
重點(diǎn)：1. 掌握句型It’s＋adj.＋to do sth.；
2. 掌握短語throw away, instead of, do harm to, make a difference to，stop…from …的用法；
3. 初步了解前綴和后綴。
難點(diǎn)：1. for example, such as 與like的區(qū)別；
2. instead of 和rather than的辨析；
3. 前綴，后綴構(gòu)詞法的構(gòu)成。
三、知能提升：
（一）重點(diǎn)單詞
［單詞學(xué)習(xí)］
1. waste
【用法1】n. 浪費(fèi)
【例句】These meetings are a waste of time. 這些會(huì)議真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
【用法2】v. 浪費(fèi)
waste sth. on sth. 在某物/某事上浪費(fèi)錢財(cái)、時(shí)間等；
waste time (in) doing sth. 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事。
【例句】Why do you waste money on clothes you don’t need?
You are wasting your time (in) trying to explain it to him.
【用法3】adj. 無用的；廢棄的
【例句】Waste paper can be recycled.
注意：wasteful adj. 浪費(fèi)的
如：It’s wasteful to throw away your old book.
【考查點(diǎn)】詞義理解。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】詞性混淆不清。
【考題鏈接】It’s bright enough, turn off the light, please. We shouldn’t w___________ electricity.
答案：waste.
解題思路：此題考查waste的用法，句意為“這里足夠明亮了，請(qǐng)把燈關(guān)了。我們不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)電�！惫侍顚憌aste，這里waste作動(dòng)詞。
2. environment
【用法】n. 環(huán)境
它是由動(dòng)詞environ（包圍）＋名詞后綴-ment 構(gòu)成的名詞。類似的詞有：development， excitement
【例句】The children have a happy environment at school.
【考查點(diǎn)】詞義理解。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】environment的拼寫。
【考題鏈接】
We should prevent the pollution of the e_______________________.
答案：environment。
解題思路：此題考查environment的拼寫，句意為“我們應(yīng)該防止環(huán)境污染。”故填寫environment。
3. product
【用法】n. 產(chǎn)品，制品
【例句】The company sells plastic products.
與product相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞是produce，意思是“制造，生產(chǎn)”。
如：Many kinds of machines are produced in this factory.
【考查點(diǎn)】詞義理解。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】product的拼寫。
【考題鏈接】
We have to find the right p_______________ for the market.
答案：product。
解題思路：此題考查product的拼寫，句意為“我們要找出適合市場需要的產(chǎn)品�！惫侍顚憄roduct。
［即學(xué)即練］
① It’s w_______________ to keep the light on in the bright room.
② Those factories are causing a lot of e____________________ pollution.
③ Our factory produces a kind of new p______________. They are very popular to people.
④ Don’t w_______________ money on junk food.
（二）重點(diǎn)短語
［短語學(xué)習(xí)］
1. throw away
【用法】“扔掉，拋棄（某物）”
【例句】You should throw away these chairs and buy new ones.
【考查點(diǎn)】短語本意。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】throw 的過去式和過去分詞形式。
【考題鏈接】
他問我你剛才扔掉了什么。
He asked me what you _______________________ just now.
答案：threw away
解題思路：此題考查throw away的時(shí)態(tài)，句中“你剛才扔掉了什么”是一個(gè)賓語從句，要用陳述句的語序，由表示時(shí)間的just now可知要用一般過去時(shí)，故填寫threw away。
2. instead of
【用法】“代替，而不是”（后接名詞，代詞和v-ing形式）
【例句】What about eating fish instead of meat today? 今天不吃肉改吃魚怎么樣？
You should go out instead of staying at home. 你應(yīng)該出去而不是呆在家里。
注意：instead adv. “代替，反而”，單獨(dú)用時(shí)放在句末。
【例句】Why not play football instead?
If you can’t go, let him go instead.
【考查點(diǎn)】instead of的用法。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】instead of 與rather than易混淆。
辨析：instead of 和rather than的區(qū)別：都有“而不是”的意思
instead of：“代替，而不是”，重點(diǎn)詞是of，它是介詞，所以后接名詞，代詞和v-ing形式，尤其需注意的是動(dòng)詞該用動(dòng)名詞形式，即v-ing；
rather than：“（是……）而不是……”，它是連詞，前后成分在形式上必須保持一致，所以后面的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該與前面一樣，就有可能出現(xiàn)代詞主格，動(dòng)詞的各種形式等，不一而足，但關(guān)鍵是要和與它對(duì)比的結(jié)構(gòu)形式一致！
【例句】I’ll go there instead of him.
I rather than he（與I一致）will go there.
Yesterday he walked here instead of driving here.
Yesterday he walked here rather than drove（與walked一致）here.
【考題鏈接】
有些廢品是可循環(huán)再利用的，所以我們最好是賣掉它而不是扔掉。
Some waste is reusable, so we’d better sell it for recycling ________________________.
答案：instead of throwing it away/ rather than throw it away。
解題思路：此題考查“而不是”的翻譯，由于“而不是”可譯為“instead of”或“rather than”，需要注意它們后面動(dòng)詞的形式，instead of后只能跟動(dòng)名詞，故寫為instead of throwing it away；而rather than后的動(dòng)詞要和前面的動(dòng)詞形式保持一致，故寫為rather than throw it away。
3. do harm to
【用法】對(duì)……造成傷害
do harm to sb./ sth. = do sb./ sth. harm “給某人/某物造成傷害，傷害（某人），損害（某物）”
do no harm to sb./ sth. 對(duì)某人/某物沒有造成傷害
【例句】In my opinion, cheating in exams does great harm to our study.
我認(rèn)為考試作弊對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)非常有害。
【考查點(diǎn)】短語本意及句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
【考題鏈接】
Hard work does no harm to anyone.
Hard work ____________ ____________ ______________ _____________.
答案：does anyone no harm。
解題思路：此題考查do harm to sb.的句型轉(zhuǎn)換，由于do no harm to sb.＝do sb. no harm, 故寫為does anyone no harm。
4. make a difference to
【用法】對(duì)……產(chǎn)生重大影響，對(duì)……很重要
注意：to是介詞，所以后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。當(dāng)中的a可以用“no, some”代替，表示“對(duì)……沒什么影響/有些影響”等意思。
【例句】Success or failure in the exam will make a difference to the students.
【考查點(diǎn)】短語本意。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】difference易寫成different。
【考題鏈接】
空氣對(duì)她的身體有很大影響。
The air has ________________________________________________ her health.
答案：made a difference to。
解題思路：此題考查的是make a difference to的翻譯，在這里要翻譯的是“對(duì)……有很大影響”，由于句子前面有一個(gè)has，說明動(dòng)詞make要用過去分詞，故填寫made a difference to。
5. such as
【用法】例如
【考查點(diǎn)】for example, such as 與like的辨析。
辨析：for example, such as 與like ：三者都有“例如”之意
for example：一般只以同類事物或同類人中的“一個(gè)”為例，作插入語，用逗號(hào)隔開，可置于句首，句中或句末。如：For example, air is invisible（看不見的）。
such as：用來例舉同類人或物中的幾個(gè)例子，后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞, 不用逗號(hào)隔開。
如：We learn many subjects, such as English, Chinese and maths.
like: 用來舉例時(shí)，作為介詞，可與such as互換。但such as用于舉例時(shí)可以分開使用，且不與like互換。
如：Some animals like/ such as the cat, the dog and the wolf, don’t need to hibernate（冬眠）.
He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks.
他有幾本像字典、手冊之類的參考書。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】for example, such as 與like的用法易混淆。
【考題鏈接】
I like playing ball games, ________________ basketball and football.
A. for example B. such as C. likes
答案：B。
解題思路：此題考查的是for example, such as 與like的辨析，由于for example放在句中時(shí)，前后要用逗號(hào)隔開，而橫線后沒有逗號(hào)，所以排除A；而like用來舉例時(shí)，是介詞，不能在其后面加-s，因此排除C而選B。
6. stop…from doing sth.
【用法】“阻止……做某事”（from可省略）
相當(dāng)于prevent…(from) doing sth. / keep…from doing sth.
【考查點(diǎn)】短語本意。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】不明確from后要用動(dòng)名詞。
【考題鏈接】
We should stop the factories _________________ the air.
A. to pollute B. pollute C. from polluting
答案：C 。
解題思路：此題考查stop…from doing sth.的用法，句意為“我們必須阻止工廠污染空氣”，故選C。
［即學(xué)即練］
1. The dish smells bad and you’d better ______________.
A. try it out B. throw away it C. throw it away
2. He is too busy, let me go __________.
A. instead of B. instead C. rather than
3. The heavy rain stopped us _______________ the river.
A. to cross B. go across C. crossing
4. ____________, we should plant more trees.
A. Such as B. For example C. Like
5. 吸煙對(duì)身體有害。
Smoking _______________________ your health.
6. 鍛煉對(duì)她的健康產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。
Exercise __________________________________ her health.
（三）重點(diǎn)句型
［句型學(xué)習(xí)］
1. It’s＋adj.＋to do sth.
【用法】“做某事是怎么樣的”
此句型中動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，it作形式主語。
【例句】It’s easy to ride a bike.＝To ride a bike is easy.
如要表達(dá)“對(duì)于某人來說做某事怎么樣”，可寫為“It’s＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.”。
【例句】It’s easy for me to ride a bike.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
【考查點(diǎn)】對(duì)此句型的運(yùn)用。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】不理解動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，it作形式主語。
【考題鏈接】It’s not right ________________ rubbish in the street.
A. to throw awayB. throwing awayC. throw away
答案：A。
解題思路：此題考查It’s＋adj.＋to do sth.這個(gè)句型，句意為“在街上扔垃圾是不對(duì)的”,故選A。
2. 語法：前綴，后綴構(gòu)詞法
【用法】（一）常見的前綴形式：
1. re-表示“再”，如：reuse，recycle
2. in/ im- 表示“無，不”，如：incorrect，impossible
3. un-表示“無，不”，如：unhealthy，uncomfortable
4. dis-表示“不，無”，如：disappear，dislike
5. anti-表示“反對(duì)，防止”，如：anti-pollution，anti-war
（二）常見的后綴形式：
1. ?able表示“可能，易于，適合于”，構(gòu)成形容詞，如：eatable，comfortable，movable
2. ?ful 表示“充滿……的，具有……性質(zhì)的”，構(gòu)成形容詞，如：hopeful，useful，careful
3. ?less與?ful相反，表示“少的，不足的”， 構(gòu)成形容詞，如；hopeless，useless，careless
4. ?ment，構(gòu)成名詞，如：development，environment
【考查點(diǎn)】前綴，后綴構(gòu)詞法。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】不懂得前綴，后綴的意思及用法。
【考題鏈接】
Don’t use so much water. It’s very ________________.（waste)（用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
答案：wasteful。
解題思路：此題考查后綴構(gòu)詞法。句意為“不要用這么多水，這樣很浪費(fèi)”，因此，應(yīng)用waste的形容詞形式，故填寫wasteful。
［即學(xué)即練］
1. Be _________________(care)when you cross the road.
2. It is ____________________(possible) for me to finish the work today. It’s too hard.
3. I don’t like travelling by bus, because it’s ___________________(comfortable).
4. If we don’t work hard, the future is ____________________(hope).
5. 對(duì)于學(xué)生來講，有必要每天做作業(yè)。
It’s necessary _______________________________ homework every day.
預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)
上冊 Module 7 Australia
一、預(yù)習(xí)新知
重點(diǎn)單詞：hand, sheep, similar
重點(diǎn)短語：have a look at, be similar to, keep doing sth.
重點(diǎn)句型：that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
二、預(yù)習(xí)點(diǎn)撥
思考問題一：keep doing sth., keep sb. ding sth. 和 keep sb. from doing sth. 有何區(qū)別？
思考問題二：be used for, be used as, be used by, be used to do 以及be used to doing 怎么用？
思考問題三：other, another, the other, the others 與others 如何區(qū)分？
思考問題四：什么是定語從句？
同步練習(xí)
（答題時(shí)間：40分鐘）
一、單項(xiàng)選擇：
1. Don’t throw away your old clothes, it’s very _________.
A. useful B. wasteful C. wonderful
2. A china cup can be used again. It’s _____________.
A. reuse B. reusable C. useless
3. We should save energy, such as __________ the lights before leaving the classroom.
A. turn off B. turning off C. turning on
4. The heavy snow stopped us ________________ home.
A. going B. go C. to go
5. It will be ____________ a theory（理論）without practice.
A. useless to learn B. useful learning C. usefully to learn
6. Look at the heavy rain. Let’s watch TV at home ________________ going shopping.
A. rather than B. instead of C. instead
7. This bag is useful. Don’t _____________.
A. throw away it B. throw it away C. throw them away
8. The boy with_______ unusual face said that he had_________ useful machine at home.
A. an, an B. a, an C. an, a
9. The report is incomplete, ________________, it doesn’t include sales in France.
A. for example B. such as C. like
10. There are some ____________ between them, though they’re twins.
A. different B. difference C. differences
*二、完形填空：
I found a boy sitting down beside me on the seat and watching the cars go past. He had a little book and a pencil. When a car____ (1), he wrote something in the book. He didn’t take any_____ (2) of buses or vans, but only cars. Of course, it was none of my business, but I still wondered_____ (3) he was writing. I am very interested in jobs that some people have.
So after a few minutes I said, “You’re very interested in the cars. May I ask what you’re writing in your book?”
He answered, “I’m writing_____ (4) the numbers on the cars.”
“Oh I see. Is that your job, or are you just doing it for____ (5)? When I was your age, I collected train numbers…”
He laughed, “I have a better reason_____ (6) that,” He said. “You see, every car has its own number, and each number is different from____ (7). I discovered the fact five years ago, but it isn’t widely known. Well, I’m thinking of buying a car myself, and my number must be different from all the others,” he smiled then and quickly_____ (8) the number of a passing car. It was 68357. He said, “Can you answer an important question for me?”
“Yes, if I happen to know the answer. Please go ahead.”
“What’s the highest number a car can have in our country?”
I thought for a minute and then said, “I believe it will be 99999. Now new cars have numbers that______ (9) a 6, like that one.” I pointed to the 68357 in his book.
He looked thoughtfully. “I’ve got a long way_____ (10) then, if 99999 will be highest. I’ve got only forty?six thousand numbers so far. I’ve already finished three books and almost this one, but I still can’t find my number yet.”
1. A. passed byB. went upC. come overD. went away
2. A. looksB. lotsC. noticeD. care
3. A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what
4. A. onB. outC. downD. in
5 A. moneyB. playingC. practiceD. fun
6. A. toB. withC. ofD. than
7. A. othersB. the othersC. all othersD. each other
8. A. put downB. put upC. put offD. put on
9. A. begin withB. begins withC. beginning withD. begun with
10. A. goingB. walkingC. to goD. of going
**三、閱讀理解：
(A)
This is News on the Hour, Ed Wilson reporting. The president and First Lady will visit Africa on a good will tour in May. They plan to visit eight African countries.
Reports from China say the Chinese want closer ties between China and the U.S. and Western Europe. A group of top Chinese scientists starts its ten-nation tour next month.
Here in Miami, the mayor is still meeting with the leader of the Teachers’ Union to try to find a way to end the strike. City schools are still closed after two weeks. In news about health, scientists in California report findings of a relationship between the drinking of coffee and the increase of heart diseases among women. According to the report in the American Medical Journal, the five-year study shows that: women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than women who do not.
In sports, the Chargers lost again last night. The BBS beat them 1 to nothing. The Wingers had better results. They beat the Rifles 7 to 3.It was their first win in their last five months.
That’s the news of the hour. And now back to more easy listening with Jan Singer.
1. To improve the ties between China and the U.S. and Western Europe .
A. some Chinese scientists will visit U.S. and Western Europe
B. China will send some scientist to visit the U.S. only
C. China has expressed its strong wishes.
D. China has given many reports to improve the ties
2. From the news in Miami we know .
A. peaceful way will soon be found
B. the teachers’ strike will last long
C. students can’t go to school with the classroom tightly closed
D. students haven’t been to school for two weeks
3. The news about health tells us that .
A. no one should drink more than two cups of coffee a day
B. women’s heart disease has a lot to do with their drinking coffee
C. no heart disease will be found if people don’t drink coffee
D. the more coffee people drink, the more chance they’ll get to have heart disease
4. From the last news we do NOT know .
A. the results of the two matches
B. the Wingers played the Rifles
C. the number of the teams which played last night
D. how many times the Wingers has lost in the past five months
5. The passage is probably from .
A. a radio station B. a magazine
C. a Medical Journal D. a newspaper
(B)
Alice always wanted to be a singer. Music was the most important thing in her life. She took lessons for years, practiced every day, but in spite of all the efforts she made, her voice didn’t improve. In fact, it didn’t get better, it just got louder.
Her teacher finally gave up and stopped the lessons, but Alice refused to give in, and one day she decided to give a concert and invited her teacher to attend.
The teacher was very worried about what to say after the concert. She knew it would be terrible and it was. She didn’t want to tell a lie, but she didn’t want to hurt Alice’s feelings either. Finally she got an idea and went backstage to greet her pupil.
“Well,” said Alice, “What do you think of my singing?”
“My dear,” said the teacher, “you’ll never be better than you were tonight.”
6. Alice wanted to be a singer because she .
A. was good at singing B. could do nothing but sing
C. had a good teacher D. was interested in music
7. Alice’s teacher stopped the lessons because .
A. Alice didn’t make any progress in singing
B. Alice’s voice became louder and louder
C. Alice didn’t work hard enough
D. Alice was too proud to listen to her
8. What made Alice decide to give a concert?
A. she wanted to prove that her teacher was wrong.
B. she wanted to please her teacher
C. she was sure that she could sing beautifully
D. she was encouraged to so
9. What is really mean by saying “you’ll never be better than you were tonight”?
A. You gave a wonderful concert tonight.
B. You won’t make any improvement in future.
C. You have never sung so well before
D. You did much better before than tonight
10. If Alice’s teacher had told a lie, she might have said .
A. “I don’t like the concert.” B. “You have made no progress.”
C. “The concert tonight is terrible.” D. “Your concert tonight is excellent.”
四、單詞拼寫：
（一）根據(jù)句意及首字母完成單詞：
1. Now it gets warmer and warmer because the p______________ is getting more serious.
2. We should do something for e______________ protection, so that we can protect the earth.
3. It is h____________, although we do something to make it better.
4. We should r_____________ waste and save energy.
5. This is a s_________ question. I can answer it easily.
6. Do you know the d_____________ between the Internet and the World Wide Web?
7. We should buy p____________ made in China.
8. Don’t do h______________ to the environment.
9. It’s n_________________ to protect our earth right now.
10. W____________ you come here, I’ll invite you to my home.
（二）詞形變化：
1. It’s ________________(possible) for me to work out the problem. It’s too hard.
2. I think you can work out the math problem ______________. (success)
3. Waste paper can be __________________(cycle).
4. Please give me the full _______________ (describe) of the accident.
5. As soon as they got to the railway station, it began to rain ______________. (heavy)
五、完成句子：
1. 必須采取措施阻止人們在這里游泳。
Something must be done to ____________________________________ here.
2. 保護(hù)環(huán)境是重要的。
___________________________________ protect the environment.
3. 我們的英語老師臥病在床，吳老師替她上課。
Our English teacher is ill at home, Mr Wu teaches us _________________ her.
4. 看太多電視對(duì)眼睛有害。
Watching TV too much _______________________ our eyes.
5. 氣候?qū)χ参锏纳L產(chǎn)生重大影響。
The climate ________________________________ the growth of the plants.
**六、綜合填空：
Robots are smart. With their computer brains, they help people work in d_______1_ places or do difficult jobs. Some robots do regular jobs. Bobby, the mail carrier, brings mail to a large o_______2_ building in Washington D.C. He is one of 250 mail carries in the United States.
Mr Leachim, who weighs two hundred pounds and is six feet t_______3_, has some advantages as a teacher. One is that he does not f_______4_ details. He knows each child’s name, the p_______5_ names and what each child knows and needs to know. In addition, he knows each child’s pets and hobbies. Mr Leachim does not m_______6_ mistakes. Each child goes and tells him or her name, then dials an identification number. His computer brain puts the child’s voice and number t_______7_. He identifies the child with n_______8_ mistakes. Then he starts the lesson. Another advantage is that Mr Leachim is flexible. If the child needs m_______9_ time to do their lessons they can move switches. In this way they can repeat Mr Leachim’s lesson over and over again. When the children do a good job, he tells them something i_______10 about their hobbies. At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr Leachim off.
試題答案
一、1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A
5. A 解析：此題考查It’s＋adj.＋to do sth.這個(gè)句型，這里用的是將來時(shí)態(tài)will be，句意為“學(xué)理論不結(jié)合實(shí)踐將會(huì)沒有用”。
6. B 解析：此題考查instead of 與rather than 的辨析，由于rather than連接的動(dòng)詞要與前面的單詞形式一致，而前面的動(dòng)詞watch用的是原形，所以不可以選A；instead只能用于句末，所以選B。
7. B
8. C 解析：unusual是元音發(fā)音開頭，所以用an，而useful是輔音發(fā)音開頭，所以用a，故選C。
9. A 解析：此題中，后面舉的例子是句子，而such as和like后要跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，故選A。
10. C 解析：some后跟名詞，different是形容詞，difference是可數(shù)名詞，故選C。
二、1~5 ACDCD 6~10 DBAAC
三、(A) ADBDA (B) DACBD
四、（一）1. pollution 2. environmental 3. hopeless 4. reduce 5. simple 6. difference
7. products 8. harm 9. necessary 10. Whenever
（二）1. impossible 2. successfully 3. recycled 4. description 5. heavily
五、1. stop people (from) swimming 2. It’s important to 3. instead of 4. does harm to
5. makes a difference to
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