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1. 主語(subject)：句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east (名詞) He likes dancing. (代詞)Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. (動名詞)To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主語從句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語)(一)指出下列句中主語的中心詞① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 謂語(predicate)：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。We study English. He is asleep.(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表語(predicative)：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher. (名詞) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代詞)Five and five is ten. (數(shù)詞) He is asleep. (形容詞)His father is in.(副詞) The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)The question is whether they will come. (表語從句)(常見的系動詞有: be, sound(聽起來), look(看起來), feel(摸起來，smell(聞起來), taste(嘗、吃起來), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感覺)……It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.(三) 挑出下列句中的表語① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 賓語：1)動賓表示行為的對象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。如：I like China. (名詞) He hates you. (代詞)How many do you need? We need two. (數(shù)詞)I enjoy working with you. (動名詞)I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (賓語從句)2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)雙賓語-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
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