2012屆高考英語一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版選修八odule 4
知識詳解
① oppose vt. 反對，阻礙；與……對抗
(回歸本P53)．..meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.
……它的意思是：我們將反對對黑人的歧視并將阻止美國人民之間的沖突。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①Father does not oppose the idea at all.
父親絲毫不反對這個想法。
②The planned new airport will be strongly opposed by the residents.
修建新機(jī)場的計(jì)劃將會遭到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦膹?qiáng)烈反對。
③(牛津P1400)I would oppose changing the la
我將反對改變這個法規(guī)。
④Students talk about the pop stars’ private life as opposed to their public life after class.
學(xué)生們后談?wù)撁餍莻兊乃缴疃撬麄兊纳鐣睢?br>【易混辨析】
resist，object，oppose
三者都含有“反抗”的意思
(1)resist指“積極的反抗、對抗”，“用武力阻止前進(jìn)”。后跟doing sth.。
(2)object常指“用言論或論據(jù)等表示抗議或反對�！焙蟾鷗o (doing) sth.。
(3)oppose為常用詞，指“對某人、某事采取積極行動，尤指反對一種觀念、思想、計(jì)劃等”。
①She objects to being scolded in public.
②I was unable to resist laughing.
③A local group oppose the plan for environmental reasons.
【即境活用】
1.embers of the council ________ the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.
A．imposed B．posed
C．composed D．opposed
解析：選D。oppose“反對”，符合題意。impose“欺騙；施加影響，強(qiáng)加”；pose“姿勢”；compose“寫作”。
2．(溫州模擬)She was on a diet，but she couldn’t ________ eating sweet food.
Consequently，her weight was gained again.
A．remove B．resist
C．reject D．object
解析：選B。句意為“她在減肥，但是抵抗不住吃甜食。因此體重又增加了。”can’t resist doing sth.情不自禁地做某事。
②convinced adj. 確信的；相信的
(回歸本P51)Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future...
專家們確信這在未會發(fā)生的……
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①I’ve been trying to convince Jean to come with me.
我一直設(shè)法說服吉恩跟我一起。
②I’m convinced of his honesty.
我相信他是誠實(shí)的。
③I’m not convinced that your idea will work.
我不相信你的意見是可行的。
【即境活用】
3.Scientists are convinced ________ the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health.
A．of；at B．by；in
C．of；on D．on；at
解析：選C。convince意為“說服，確信”，與介詞of連用，意為“使(人)承認(rèn)或信服”；effect意為“作用，功效”，與介詞on連用，意為“對……有影響”。
4．(湖北天門中學(xué)模擬)Whatever he explained，he couldn’t ________ the policeman that he was innocent.
A．confirm B．present
C．convince D．a(chǎn)dmit
解析：選C。本題考查動詞辨析。句意為“無論他說什么，他都無法讓警察確信他是無辜的�！�
③acquire vt. 得到，獲得
(回歸本P51)New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right.
新的方言不斷獲取自身復(fù)雜的特征，直到他們成為不再依賴(英語)的真正的語言。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.
我們逐步獲得了做這項(xiàng)工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
②She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.
她在沒有老師指導(dǎo)的情況下，掌握了英語語法，學(xué)到了大量詞匯。
【易混辨析】
acquire，gain，obtain
(1)acquire 多指經(jīng)過一段時間的艱苦努力而獲得，獲得的內(nèi)容多是抽象的東西，并且一經(jīng)獲得就很難失去，如知識等。
(2)gain 常指強(qiáng)有力的奪取，也可指漸漸獲得某物的過程。
(3)obtain 是較正式用語,常指“通過努力工作、奮力拼搏或請求而得到所需的東西”。
①She acquired a knowledge of English by careful study.
②I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.
③The country gained its independence ten years ago.
【即境活用】
5．r.Smith gradually ________ knowledge of the subject by constant study.
A．inquired B．needed
C．required D．a(chǎn)cquired
解析：選D。句意：史密斯先生通過不斷學(xué)習(xí)逐漸獲得這門學(xué)科的知識。acquire在此表示“獲得”，符合句意。
6.Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an ________ taste and are not in born.
A．gained B．developed
C．a(chǎn)cquired D．grown
解析：選C。句意是：抽煙喝酒往往是一種后習(xí)得的嗜好，并不是生就有的。acquire有“學(xué)成；養(yǎng)成”之意。
④tell...apart 把……區(qū)分開
(回歸本P44)It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.
要將英國英語和美國英語分辨開也很容易。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①Can you tell the twin brothers apart?
你能分得清這兩個孿生兄弟嗎？
②It is very important for us to tell true friends from false ones in society.
在社會上辨別出真假朋友對我們說是非常重要的。
③The kittens looked exactly alike—how could you tell which was which?
這些小貓看上去一模一樣——你怎么能分辨出哪只是哪只呢？
④To tell the truth，I do knohere he has gone.
說實(shí)話，我的確知道他去了哪里。
【即境活用】
7.The two paintings look so much alike that I can’t ________ the authentic painting ________ the modern copy.
A．tell；from B．tell；of
C．tell；apart D．tell；off
解析：選A。句意：這兩幅畫這么相似，以至于我分辨不出真品和仿制品。此題考查tell不同搭配的用法。tell A from B“區(qū)分A和B”；tell sb.of/about sth.“告訴某人有關(guān)某事”；tell sth. apart“區(qū)分某物”；tell sb.off for sth.“為某事斥責(zé)某人”。
8．(東棗莊模擬)I could ________ he was surprised from the expression on his face.
A．look B．say
C．watch D．tell
解析：選D。本題考查動詞辨析。tell在此表示“說出；判斷出”的意思。句意為“從他臉上的表情我能認(rèn)識到他很吃驚�！�
look“看”；say“說話”；watch“觀看”。
⑤get down to 開始做某事
(回歸本P53)Thus，to talk turkey means to get down to business.
因此，to talk turkey意思是開始做生意。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①He got down to his work after the holidays.
度假之后他開始工作。
②Let’s get down to our business.
咱們開始干正事吧。
③After supper，they got down to having a meeting.
晚飯后，他們召開了一個會議。
④How can I get it across to you people how important this is?
我怎么做才能讓你們這些人理解這事的重要性？
⑤(朗P866)The three men got away in a stolen car.
那三個人乘坐一輛偷的汽車逃跑了。
⑥The whole village was involved with getting the harvest in.
整個村莊都在收割莊稼。
【即境活用】
9.The final examination is coming up soon.It’s time for us to ________ our studies.
A．get down to B．get through
C．get back for D．get over
解析：選A。get dwon to sth.表示“開始做某事”。句意：期末考試馬上就到了，我們該開始認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)了。
10．(江西省十校一模)—Better get down to your work，Jack.
—________.
A．It’s my pleasure
B．Not to mention it
C．ind your own business
D．You’re welcome
解析：選C。本題考查情景交際。第一句話是勸對方“最好開始工作(別再玩了)�！贝鹫ZC表示“少管閑事(別管我的事)”。其他三個選項(xiàng)都是對感謝的回應(yīng)。
⑥let sb.down 使某人失望
(回歸本P53) With friends like these，who needs enemies？means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.
“With friends like these，who needs enemies？”意思是“你的朋友辜負(fù)了你的信任或者讓你失望。”
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①Let down the rope so that I can climb up.
把繩子放下我好爬上去。
②I’m counting on you to support me—don’t let me dwon.
我指望你支持我呢——別讓我失望。
③(朗P1180)These curtains let in too much light.
這些窗簾太透光。
④The man let off a bomb in the crowd，causing 12 people dead at least.
那個人在人群中引爆了炸彈，至少導(dǎo)致12個人死亡。
⑤I’ll never tell you another secret if you let this one out.
假如你把這個機(jī)密泄漏出去，有秘密的事我再也不告訴你了。
⑥I wouldn’t speak to him，let alone trust him and lend him some money.
我理都不愿理他，更談不上信任他，把錢借給他了。
【即境活用】
11．The news of the famous singer’s absence has really ________ his fans ________.
A．taken；out B．helped；out
C．given；off D．let；down
解析：選D。句意：那位著名歌星缺席的消息真讓他的歌迷失望。用let sb.down表示“使某人失望”。
12.I’m badly ________，for there is no one that can be relied on.
A．let down B．let on
C．let out D．let off
解析：選A。考查短語動詞辨析和句意理解。句意：我非常失望，因?yàn)檫@里沒有可以依靠的人。let down“使失望”；let on“泄露”；let out“使出去”；let off“原諒，不懲罰”，只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。
句型梳理
①【教材原句】 Perhaps correctness doesn’t matter—as long as speakers can understand each other—it’s communication that counts.
(P44)
也許正確與否不要緊——只要說話的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
【句法分析】 (1)只要……引導(dǎo)條狀語從句,從句中一般用現(xiàn)在時代替將時。
①You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.
只要你不把書弄臟，就可以借給你。
②I don’t mind as long as it doesn’t rain.
只要不下雨就行了。
③As long as you drive carefully，you will be very safe.
如果你開車小心，你就會很安全。
(2)長達(dá)……：
④This line is four times as long as that one.
這條線是那條線的四倍長。
(3)on condition that 只要，條是
as far as 遠(yuǎn)至；就……的限度
as good as 和……一樣好；幾乎
as well as 和……一樣好；和，既……又……
⑤Ron lent me the money on condition that I pay it back next month.羅恩把錢借給我，條是下月歸還。
【即境活用】
13.________ good service is provided the small motels will continue to have people who choose to stay in them rather than in the big ones.
A．As much as B．As long as
C．As soon as D．As far as
解析:選B。句意：只要有好的服務(wù)，小型的汽車旅館會繼續(xù)吸引那些寧愿選擇住小旅館而不住大旅館的人。as long as 只要；as much as 盡可能多；as soon as 一……就；as far as遠(yuǎn)到。
14．(重慶一模)________ he works hard,
I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
A．As long as B．As well as
C．So far as D．As soon as
解析：選A。句意為“只要他努力工作，我并不在意他什么時候把實(shí)驗(yàn)做完�！盿s long as 引導(dǎo)條狀語從句。
②【教材原句】 In this sense everybody’s use of language—whether English，Chinese，or any other—is different.(P44)
從這種意義上說，每個人對語言的使用——不管是英語、漢語或者任何其他語言——都是不一樣的。
【句法分析】1)whether English，Chinese，or any other在句中作插入語，用對所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋或補(bǔ)充，插入語可用破折號分開，也可用逗號隔開。
①He asked the people present，whether men or women，to keep it secret.
他要求在場的人，無論男女，要保守秘密。
②Pearls，either big or small，are very expensive.
珍珠有大有小，但都非常珍貴。
③This is the last chance，I am afraid，that you can win over them.恐怕這是你能戰(zhàn)勝他們的最后機(jī)會了。
2)whether...or 還可以引導(dǎo)從句。
(1)不管……還是……。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
④Playing football is a popular game，whether to men or women.
踢足球是一項(xiàng)受人歡迎的運(yùn)動，不管對于男子還是女子。
(2)是……還是……。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
⑤y doubt is whether the weather will be fine or not tomorro我的懷疑是明天天氣是好還是壞。
【即境活用】
15．I don’t quite share with you some views on the matter—________—these are too strange.
A．to be honest B．believe it or not
C．in other words D．what’s more
解析：選A。句意：在這事上，我與你的某些觀點(diǎn)不太一致，老實(shí)說，這些觀點(diǎn)太奇怪了。to be honest在句中作插入語，意為“老實(shí)說，說實(shí)話”。
16.All people，________ they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A．even if B．whether
C．no matter D．however
解析：選B。句意是：自從災(zāi)難發(fā)生以，所有的人們，不管是老人還是年輕人，不管是富人還是窮人，都一直在努力幫助那些需要幫助的人。even if即使；whether...or.... 不管……還是……；no matter后接疑問詞時，表示“不管……”；however“無論多么……”。
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