2013屆英語(yǔ)科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專(zhuān)版]
專(zhuān)題13 特殊句式
【備考策略】
1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：
句型結(jié)構(gòu)形式：It is／was…that／who…
be的時(shí)態(tài)：that／who前面be的時(shí)態(tài)一般是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，當(dāng)它后面的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，才用過(guò)去時(shí)。
判斷方法：將(It is／was)．．．(that／who)…括號(hào)中的詞同時(shí)去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；若不成立，則為狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句或主語(yǔ)從句。
2．反意疑問(wèn)句：
形式：句子+簡(jiǎn)短的疑問(wèn)
(1)前面若有多個(gè)句子并列，則以最后一個(gè)句子為準(zhǔn)；若前面部分為主從復(fù)合句，一般說(shuō)，以主句為準(zhǔn)；但若賓語(yǔ)主從復(fù)合句的主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think，believe，suppose，feel，imagine，consider，guess等，主語(yǔ)又是第一人稱(chēng)且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、謂語(yǔ)又沒(méi)有任何副詞修飾時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)則以從句為準(zhǔn)，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
(2)前面句子含有must，can’t，may等表推測(cè)的詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分則依據(jù)句子的時(shí)態(tài)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)而定。
(3)句子是Let’s．．．時(shí)，后面用shall／shan’t we；前面部分是Let us…祈使句時(shí)，后面用will／won’t you。
(4)前面句子是I’m…時(shí)，后面用 aren’t l；句子是I’m not…時(shí)，后面用 am I。
(5)前面是感嘆句時(shí)，后面跟感嘆句的主、謂一致，但用否定形式。
(6)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是anyone／anybody／everyone／everybody時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
否定、肯定形式：
(1)一般說(shuō)，前后兩部分的否定、肯定形式相反；但當(dāng)句子前有0h，Ah，so等語(yǔ)氣詞時(shí)，前后兩部分的否定、肯定形式相同。
(2)前面部分有否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，后面部分用肯定形式；但若前面部分含有由否定詞綴構(gòu)成的否定詞時(shí)，后面部分還是用否定形式。
3．祈使句：祈使句的主語(yǔ)是you，但一般被省略；當(dāng)前面有呼語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般得補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)you；否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。
在“祈使句，+and／or／and then+句子”句型中，當(dāng)祈使句中含有比較級(jí)時(shí)，可將祈使句中的謂語(yǔ)部分省略，只留下“比較級(jí)或比較級(jí)與名詞，+and／or／and then+句子”。
4．感嘆句：句型：what +a(n)+adj +n．+主語(yǔ)+be!；How +adj／adv．+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞!
5．There be句型：注意動(dòng)詞的形式；注意能用于這一句型的抽象特殊名詞及動(dòng)詞的抽象形式；注意主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形式。
6．倒裝句：倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
全部倒裝：地點(diǎn)副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)(名詞)；地點(diǎn)副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)(代詞)+動(dòng)詞。
部分倒裝：(1)否定詞或半否定詞+助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其它。
(2)only+副詞(狀語(yǔ))／SO+助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其它。
(3)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝。
(4)非真實(shí)條句的倒裝。
(5)結(jié)果、目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的such，SO提到句首時(shí)的倒裝。
7?省略句
(1)在上下中，任何句子成分都可能省略，必須根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行理解。
(2)熟悉并掌握一些特殊的省略形式。
A．在時(shí)間、條、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)跟主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)可以省略，同時(shí)將從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉衷~形式。
B．在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)跟主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從
句的主語(yǔ)是it，謂語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)可以省略。如：When／Where，／If necessary。
C．當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)部分省略時(shí)，若只用代詞代替句子，則需用代詞的賓格形式。
D．當(dāng)省略不定式的內(nèi)容時(shí)，須保留小品詞to。
8．對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的提問(wèn)：特殊詞位于句首，主句用一般疑問(wèn)式，而賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。
考點(diǎn)解析
高中英語(yǔ)涉及的特殊句型包括強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句和反意疑問(wèn)句。高考對(duì)于這四種句型的考查很靈活。學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵是記準(zhǔn)確各個(gè)句型出現(xiàn)的條。2013年高考考生應(yīng)特別注意1、基本的句型條；2、句型中的時(shí)態(tài)。
交際用語(yǔ)的考查重點(diǎn)應(yīng)注重化差異，在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意英語(yǔ)的交際規(guī)則和交際模式，防止母語(yǔ)思維定勢(shì)的干擾和影響，形成英語(yǔ)思維方式。
強(qiáng)調(diào)
在使用英語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)詞、詞組或句子，這時(shí)就要用到強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型：“It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/ who + 其他成分”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)等成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞，可以用that或who(whom)連接其他成分；被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人以外的詞，例如表示事物、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞，用that連接其他成分。一般疑問(wèn)句：Is /was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/ who + 其他成分.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is /was + that/ who + 其他成分.
1、It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______ benefits our work most. 【C】
A．who B．which C．that D．what
2、—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have．It was in our village it was made．【A】
A．that B．where C．when D．which
3、Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went famous．【B】
A．where B．that C．which D．what
2、not …until 也可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
4、 It was _____ he came bank from Africa that year ____ he met the girl he would like to marry. 【C】
A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when
3、It’s + 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+ that…（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）
It’s +地點(diǎn)名詞+ where… (定語(yǔ)從句)
It is the town where I was born. (the town 為地點(diǎn)名詞，定語(yǔ)從句)
It was in the town that I was born. (in the town為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
4、It’s + 時(shí)間名詞+ when…(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
It’s + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) +that…(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It was at 8 o’clock that he returned. (at 8 o’clock是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It was 8 o’clock when he returned.
(8 o’clock 是時(shí)間名詞，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
5、借助助動(dòng)詞do
對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do加動(dòng)詞原形，而且do有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。這種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式主要用于祈使句以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句中。
5、If you have a job， yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed．【A】
A．do devote B．don't devote C．devoting D．not devoting
二、倒裝句
英語(yǔ)通常的語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后。如果謂語(yǔ)的一部分或者全部提到主語(yǔ)之前，這種語(yǔ)序就是倒裝。如果把全部謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前，就稱(chēng)為完全倒裝；如果只把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，則稱(chēng)為部分倒裝。
完全倒裝
1）、用在以here, there, now, then等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中
6、John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before. 【D】
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞，則主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的位置不變。
Here it is.
2）、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，或?yàn)榱司o密銜接上下，常將表語(yǔ)放在句首，顛倒主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的次序。
Present at the meeting were r. Smith, r. Green and many other celebrities.
3）、為了使句子生動(dòng)、流暢，可把in, out, down, over, off, away之類(lèi)用作狀語(yǔ)的副詞放在句首，采用完全倒裝。句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是行為動(dòng)詞，而且是不及物動(dòng)詞。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes
4）、當(dāng)介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，也常常用完全倒裝。
7、At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. 【A】
A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing lies
C. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie
2、部分倒裝
1）、用在省略了if的虛擬條句中（把were, had或should移至主語(yǔ)前），采用部分倒裝。
Were she here, she would help us.(=If she were here, she would help us.)
2）、在表示祝愿的句子里，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一部分，要放在主語(yǔ)的前面。
ay you succeed!
3)、用在以so開(kāi)頭、表示謂語(yǔ)所述情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或另一事物的肯定句中，表示“也一樣”，“也這樣”。結(jié)構(gòu)為：so + 系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)或者由neither, nor引導(dǎo)的，表示前面所說(shuō)情況也適用于另一人（或東西）的句子（否定句），表示“也不”
He can speak English, so can we.
They haven’t prepared their lessons. Nor/Neither have I.
注意：so + 人稱(chēng)代詞（同一主語(yǔ)）+ 助動(dòng)詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語(yǔ)序，用以重述前面的情況，以表示贊同或強(qiáng)調(diào)。
----It was cold yesterday. ----So it was.
注意：so it is/was with + 另一主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示這一主語(yǔ)的情況也如此。主要用于上出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)以上句子（情況），而在邏輯上這些句子表現(xiàn)同一主語(yǔ)，通常是有肯定和否定的混合句。或有兩個(gè)（以上）謂語(yǔ)。
ike likes Chinese but he is not good at Chinese. So it is with Tom.
注意：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞do(某種形式)+so, 此句型用以避免重復(fù)前所述動(dòng)詞及其賓（狀）語(yǔ)，表示該句型中的主語(yǔ)做了前中已提到的動(dòng)作，此句型中的主語(yǔ)可與前句主語(yǔ)相同，也可以是另外的人。
She asked me to speak louder and I did so.
4）、以never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, no sooner…than, hardly…when, by no means, nowhere, at no time, not a +名詞等表示否定或半否定意義的副詞或詞組開(kāi)頭的句子中，采用部分倒裝。
8、-It’s nice．Never before such a special drink!
-I’m glad you like it．【C】
A．I have had B．I had C．have I had D．had I
9、 Not until he left his home ____ to know how important the family was for him.【A】
A did he begin B had he begun
C he began D he had begun
5）、often, many a time, always, once等表示時(shí)間的頻度副詞放在句首時(shí)應(yīng)用部分倒裝。
any a time has he been to Paris. 他去過(guò)巴黎多次。
6）、以only開(kāi)頭的句子（only后面為副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句），采用部分倒裝，即把謂語(yǔ)的助動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)用原形。
10、Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______a decision． 【B】
A．they reached B．did they reach
C．they reach D．do they reach
7）、as/ though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常將句末的表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞、副詞提至句首。
11、Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.【B】
A. though was he B. though he was
C. he was though D. was he though
三、省略
在語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用中，尤其是在口語(yǔ)中，省略是常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。
1、在某些表虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的should可以省略。這些句子一般包含如下動(dòng)詞一及其派生詞：一堅(jiān)持(insist)，二命令
(order, command)，三建議(suggest, propose, advise)，四要求(demand, require, request, ask)
Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination.
It is necessary (important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...等主語(yǔ)從句中。
It is necessary that the problem be solved at once.
2、定語(yǔ)從句中的省略
（1）在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that, which, who (whom)�？梢允÷�。
The man I saw is called Tom.
Where is the pen I bought this morning?
（2）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why及that在the time when, the place where, the reason why, the way that結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在非正式場(chǎng)合下，可以省略關(guān)系副詞when, where, why和that等。
I shall never forget the day we first met.
The reason he came so early is his own affair.
I don't like the way you speak to your mother.
3、狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略
（1）當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，或狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是it，并且又含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，�？梢允÷詮木渲械闹髡Z(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。
12、It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine． , we’d better take it to the garage immediately．【D】
A．Otherwise B．If not C．But for that D．If so
（2）虛擬條句中,含助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞be或have等,若將它們提到句首,則需省略if。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week.
（3）在as(so)... as..., than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中。
I know you can do better than Peter.
This car doesn't run as fast as that one.
（4）在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞提前時(shí)，不定冠詞要省略。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
4、動(dòng)詞不定式中的省略
1）有些動(dòng)詞，如believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)to be + n./ adj. 中的to be可以省略。
I consider him stupid.
His mother found him a clever boy.
2） 感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的不定式符號(hào)to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，to必須保留。
They made the boy go to bed early.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
3) 動(dòng)詞不定式在prefer，refuse，decide, mean, intend, try，promise, like, love， care，want，hope，wish，expect等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù),常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容,但要保留不定式符號(hào) to。
I have asked her to come，but she does not want to．
注意：want，like用在 when，if, what，as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，其后的to也�？墒÷浴�
I've decided to do what I like．
I'll teach you if you like．
4）在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but..., can't help but..., prefer to do rather than do..., would do... rather than... 之后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般不帶to；but之前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某個(gè)形式do, does, did, done 而且其賓語(yǔ)是something，nothing，anything和everything等不定代詞時(shí)，也不帶to, 否則要帶to。
We have nothing to do now but wait.
I can not but admire his courage.
He has no choice but to accept the fact.
5）在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù)，后一個(gè)to省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think or say.
但兩個(gè)不定式有對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時(shí)，則后一個(gè)to不能省略。
I came not to scold but to praise you.
6）在why, why not 引導(dǎo)的特殊問(wèn)句中后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
Why talk so much about it? Why not try it again?
7）動(dòng)詞不定式與be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to等構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)常可省略，但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。
I don’t want to wait for him， but l have to．
—Why didn’t you come to our party？
—I was going to，but l had a report to write．
8）動(dòng)詞不定式中動(dòng)詞原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過(guò)同樣的動(dòng)詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)同樣的動(dòng)詞，為了避免重復(fù)，句子后面的不定式常省略動(dòng)詞原形，而保留不定式符號(hào)to。
Don't go till I tell you to.
9）動(dòng)詞不定式在ask，warn，tell，advise，force，wish，expect，allow，permit , invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，�？墒÷�。
You'd better give a performance if you are asked to．
He didn't come, though we had invited him to.
10）動(dòng)詞不定式在happy， glad， eager，anxious，willing， ready等形容詞等后承前省略動(dòng)詞原形，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。
—Will you join me in a walk？
—I'll be happy to．
注：承前省略的動(dòng)詞不定式如果有助動(dòng)詞have或be，則要保留be或have。
—Are you a doctor?
—No, but I used to be.
四、反意疑問(wèn)句
1、反意疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式：
反意疑問(wèn)句提出情況或看法，問(wèn)對(duì)方同不同意，這種問(wèn)句都由兩部分組成，前一部分用陳述句的形式，后一部分是一個(gè)附著在前一部分上的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，如前一部分為肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分為否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，兩部分的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
You are to go home via Hongkong, aren’t you?
（肯定的陳述句+否定的反意疑問(wèn)句）
They didn’t raise many questions at the press conference, did they?
（否定的陳述句+肯定的反意疑問(wèn)句）
2、反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)
在回答反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)事實(shí)回答，如果事實(shí)是肯定的，前面要用yes,否則用no, 在第一部分為否定句時(shí)要特別注意，這時(shí)英語(yǔ)回答和漢語(yǔ)回答是不一致的。
----You are not going out today, are you? ----No, I am not.
你今天不出去，是嗎？ 是的，我今天不出去。
（“不出去”屬于否定的事實(shí)，所以在英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用“no”表示此義，不要用 “yes”回答。）
構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：
1）、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分中的主語(yǔ)常用they (有時(shí)也可用he.)
Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn’t they?
No one was hurt, was he?
2）、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)常用it.
Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasn’t it?
3）、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是one時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)常用one或you。
One should study hard, shouldn’t one/ you?
4）、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是man(人類(lèi))時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)常用he。
an is the master of his own fate, isn’t he?
5）、當(dāng)陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)， 反意疑問(wèn)部分用there,省略主語(yǔ)代詞。
There used to be a shop, didn’t there?
6）、當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用肯定形式。
Few people know him, do they?
Bob rarely got drunk, did he?
You have nothing else to say, have you?
7）、當(dāng)陳述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前綴或less等否定后綴時(shí)，應(yīng)把陳述部分看成是肯定的，反意疑問(wèn)部分要用否定式。
Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesn’t she?
He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isn’t he?
8）、當(dāng)陳述部分是I’m …結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分常用aren’t I
I am late, aren’t I?
9）、 當(dāng)陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分中的動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)代詞通常應(yīng)和主句中的動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)保持一致。
If you don’t start early, you will be late, won’t you?
Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesn’t he?
10）、當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分往往與從句保持一致，而且要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
I think he is a thief, isn’t he?
I don’t think he can do it well, can he?
11）、當(dāng)陳述部分含有have，而且have作“有”解時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分用have/has或借助助動(dòng)詞do, does, did等完成；如果陳述部分中的have是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，則反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)需借助助動(dòng)詞do, does, did等完成。
He hasn’t a lot of time to spare, has he?
He doesn’t have an English dictionary, does he?
12）、當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括have to, had to時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分通常用do的適當(dāng)形式。
You had to take the early bus, didn’t you?
We have to do it, don’t we?
13）、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分可用used to形式或did形式。
He used to get up late, didn’t/ usedn’t he?
14）、當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分常用will you.
Help me to do it, will you?
Don’t go there, will you?
◆ Let’s 和Let us都表示“讓我們”，但用法上不同。前者包括聽(tīng)話(huà)人，后者不包括聽(tīng)話(huà)人。正因如此，它們的反意疑問(wèn)句的形式常常不同：
以L(fǎng)et’s 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，反意疑問(wèn)部分常用shall we.
以L(fǎng)et us開(kāi)頭的祈使句，反意疑問(wèn)部分常用will you.
Let’s go now, shall we? （我們?nèi)�，你也去�?br>Let us go shopping, will you? （我們?nèi)�，你不去�?br>15）、當(dāng)陳述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等約定俗成特殊短語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)保留第一個(gè)詞。
He had better do more speaking, hadn’t he?
16）、當(dāng)陳述句部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句或類(lèi)似強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。
It is the first time that he has gone there, isn’t it?
17）、當(dāng)陳述句部分為感嘆句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分常用否定形式，且問(wèn)句部分的動(dòng)詞常用be.
What a cold day, isn’t it?
18）、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, may, can’t, 且表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分不能用must, may, can’t自身，應(yīng)和后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞保持一致；
◆ must/ may/ can’t + do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)，反意疑問(wèn)部分用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
He can’t be r. Chen, is he?（相當(dāng)于I don’t think he is r. Chen.）
He must be very tired, isn’t he? (相當(dāng)于：I believe he is very tired.)
◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done +過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，反意疑問(wèn)部分常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?
(相當(dāng)于：I think you saw the film last week.)
It can’t have snowed last week, did it? (相當(dāng)于：I don’t think it snowed last week.)
◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done , 反意疑問(wèn)部分常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
You may have been to Tibet, haven’t you? (相當(dāng)于：aybe you have been to Tibet.)
He can’t have known the news, has he? (相當(dāng)于：I don’t think he has known the news.)
You must have waited for a long time, haven’t you?
（相當(dāng)于：I think you have waited for a long time.）
19）、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mustn’t表示“禁止”時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分常用must.
You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?
20）、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need, dare時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分有兩種形式：作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)保留自身；作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)借助于助動(dòng)詞do/does/did完成。
He needs to start at once, doesn’t he?
She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?
21）、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分常用oughtn’t (有時(shí)也可用shouldn’t.)
The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?
五年高考
A組 2012年全國(guó)高考題組
1.【2012浙江卷,19】Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts.
A. may haveB. could haveC. must have had D. might have had
【考點(diǎn)】虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
【答案】D
【解析】本句是一個(gè)倒裝句，可還原為：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根據(jù)had known提示，可知是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，因此虛擬語(yǔ)氣主句中應(yīng)該用would/might +have done，由此可見(jiàn)答案D符合語(yǔ)境。
2.【2012江蘇卷,25】There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?
A. is thereB. isn't thereC. is heD. isn't he
【考點(diǎn)】特殊句式—反義問(wèn)句
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)前面there be 句里含有否定意義的詞little，所以反意疑問(wèn)句用肯定形式，其主謂應(yīng)與陳述部分的主謂保持一致，故選A項(xiàng)。
3.【2012東卷,31】 — I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.
— _________. I can’t stand all this rain.
A. I don’t care B. It’s hard to say
C. So am I D. I hope not
【答案】C
【解析】當(dāng)表示后者與前者具有相同特征的時(shí)候，后者用倒裝的形式；肯定用so，否定用nor或neither構(gòu)成。根據(jù)后面一句中的I can’t stand all this rain可知，此處與上一句中的I’m sick and tired of the weather表達(dá)同樣的感受，因此應(yīng)該用So am I，表示“我也是”。句意：---我不了解你。我討厭這種天氣。---我也是。我無(wú)法忍受整天下雨。
【考點(diǎn)】考查倒裝句的用法。
4.【2012全國(guó)新程,34】 You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.
A. so B. or
C. and D. but
【答案】B
【解析】此處or表示“否則”。句意：你必須躲開(kāi)，否則卡車(chē)過(guò)不去。
【考點(diǎn)】考查并列連詞。
5.【2012湖南高考真題,30】 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. whoB. thatC. whereD. before
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
【解析】把it was及空去掉，可轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)完整的句子。且這是表示“直到……時(shí)才”的句型之一：it was not until … that …。復(fù)合句 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型that
6.【2012重慶卷,33】 The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.
A. does he even given B. he even gives C. whether D. he will even given
【考點(diǎn)】特殊句式—倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
【答案】C
【解析】空白處前為否定詞“nor”位于句首，句子應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，而且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境空白處應(yīng)使用一般將時(shí)，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此，正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
技巧點(diǎn)撥：考查倒裝。否定副詞never位于句首，句子應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境即關(guān)鍵詞before，句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
7.【2012遼寧卷,32】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
【考點(diǎn)】特殊句式—倒裝。
【答案】D
【解析】Not until位于句首時(shí)句子要倒裝，consider having a holiday abroad這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在retire之后，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
8.【2012四川卷,4】At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
A. while B. although C. so D. as
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】本題考查并列連詞。
【解析】題干句意為：在學(xué)校，一些學(xué)生很活躍而一些卻很害羞，然而他們都可能彼此成為好朋友。根據(jù)句意選while，表示兩個(gè)分句中兩種情況的對(duì)比。
9.【2012四川卷,5】This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. y story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】本題考查倒裝句。
【解析】nor位于句首引起部分倒裝，排除B、D；再根據(jù)句意“這并不是（關(guān)于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的結(jié)局不同�！边x代詞it。故答案選C。
B組 2008-2011年全國(guó)高考題組
1.【2011重慶卷32】—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
【解析】問(wèn)話(huà)人詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方是否看過(guò)《楂樹(shù)之戀》這部電影，答話(huà)人回答說(shuō)當(dāng)然看過(guò)，這部電影是在自己的村莊拍攝的。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in our village。強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)in our village。
2.【2011湖南卷35】It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently
A .which B. that C. how D. when
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】本題考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
【解析】本題考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)。故選B。句子意思：決定我們生活的東西不是我們偶爾所做的事情而是那些我們自始至終所做的事情。
3.【2011全國(guó)卷II13】Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and .
A. neither won’t Tom B. Tom won’t either
C. Tom will too D. so will Tom
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】考查特殊句式。
【解析】句意：簡(jiǎn)不會(huì)參加我們今晚的宴會(huì)，湯姆也不會(huì)。此處是否定句，故使用either，而too一般用于肯定句中。此處也可以用so倒裝的否定式，即neither/nor will Tom．注意A項(xiàng)中neither表否定意義，所以不能用won’t。
4.【2011江蘇卷33】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】考查省略和替代。
【解析】句意：聽(tīng)起車(chē)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)好像有問(wèn)題，如果那樣的話(huà)，我們最好立刻把它弄到汽修廠(chǎng)去。前后兩句話(huà)之間是順承關(guān)系。Otherwise否則，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因?yàn)槟鞘�；if so若是這樣。
5.【2011遼寧卷33】_____ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether
where
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】考查感嘆句。
【解析】句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)。此處為“What+a/an十a(chǎn)dj.+n．+it is/was”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，故B項(xiàng)正確。
6.【2011上海卷 30】It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t itB. does itC. don’t theyD. do they
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】考查反義疑問(wèn)句。
【解析】反義疑問(wèn)句的基本原則就是與主句主謂保持一致。陳述部分為否定，故附加部分為肯定，句意：他們是否參加你的派對(duì)，沒(méi)有關(guān)系，是嗎？
7.【10浙江】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
【答案】C
【考點(diǎn)】本題考查if條句中的省略情況。
【解析】本句的句子的主語(yǔ)是the experiment；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是shows；that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句, 賓語(yǔ)從句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_____ regularly是插入的條從句, 從句的主語(yǔ)是proper amounts of exercise, 此時(shí)應(yīng)用it代替前面提到的主語(yǔ), 條句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致, 并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意為：這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明, 適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng), 如果有規(guī)律的進(jìn)行, 能夠有助于我們的身體健康。
8.【10江西】Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】考查倒裝。
【解析】not until放在句首要用部分倒裝, 翻譯為直到, 所以begin發(fā)生在left之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生
9.【09湖南】You and I could hardly work together, ?
A. could you B. couldn’t I C. couldn’t we D. could we
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】反義疑問(wèn)句的用法。
【解析】根據(jù)陳述部分是肯定形式, 疑問(wèn)部分用否定形式；反之。陳述部分中含有否定詞hardly, 故疑問(wèn)部分用肯定形式, 主語(yǔ)是you and I。故應(yīng)選D。
10.【09江西】According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman.
A. than B. such C. so D. as
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
【解析】比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu), as ….. as , 注意句中的more than 只是修飾twice
11.【08福建】—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .
A. as toldB. as are toldC. as tellingD. as they told
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】此題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略
【解析】as told=as they were told, 此處是as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致, 且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有be時(shí), 將從句的主語(yǔ)和be省略。又因?yàn)閣orkers與tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 排除C、D。
12.【08遼寧】 Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.
A. I was neither B. neither was IC. I was either D. either was I
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】本題考查倒裝。
【解析】句意為：Bill對(duì)Jason耽誤了報(bào)告的事不高興, 我也是（我也不高興）。表示 “某人也不……時(shí)”, 應(yīng)該用 “neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。
三年模擬
A組 2012年全國(guó)模擬題組
1.(浙江省杭州十四中2012屆高三3月月考,8)________this problem, they don’t know how to deal with it.
A. Face B. Faced C. Facing D. To be faced
2.(浙江省2012屆重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體高三第二學(xué)期3月調(diào)研試題,6)_____ read newspapers for pleasure, but also to improve their minds.
A. Not only old menB. Not only old men do
C. Not only do old menD. Old men not only do
3.(浙江省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2012屆高三下學(xué)期2月聯(lián)考,5)Only when I left my parents for Italy, ________how much I loved them.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I real ize
4.(浙江省東陽(yáng)市南馬高中2012屆高三下學(xué)期入學(xué)考試,16)______ how mirrors produce image, we need to knohat light does.
A. Understanding B. UnderstoodC. To understand D. Having understood
5.(浙江省奉化市第二中學(xué)2012屆高三上學(xué)期第三次月考,6)It is always those _____ forgive first _______ achieve more happiness.
A. 不填; and B. who; and C. who; that D. that; but
6.(浙江省杭州市2012屆高三第一次高考質(zhì)量檢測(cè),19)
—How many students will attend James’ course?
—I suppose there will be not more than ten, , for it is too abstract.
A．if soB．if possibleC．if anyD．if ever
7.(浙江省杭州市西湖高級(jí)中學(xué)2012屆高三3月月考,17)________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
A. Although much he like her B. uch although he likes her
C. As he likes her much D. uch as he likes her
8.(浙江省嘉興市2012屆高三下學(xué)期質(zhì)量檢查（二）,1)
--- Nice to meet you. You can call me Sarah.
--- Oh, ! y name is Sarah, too. We have the same name.
A．what a shameB．what a small world
C．what a jokeD．what a coincidence
9.(金華十校2012年高考模擬考試,14)The school library provides a variety of books, _______ they will meet the needs of different students．
A．to hope B．hope C．hoped D．hoping
10.(浙江省寧波市2012屆高三上學(xué)期期末試題,18)On no account _______ tell him about our plans.
A. you must B. you can C. can you D. must you
11.(浙江省紹興市第一中學(xué)2012屆高三下學(xué)期回頭望考試題,11)I don’t think my mother will come to Shaoxing, but in case she ______, I will ask for a few days to show her around the East Lake.
A. will B. would C. did D. does
12.(浙江省名校新高考研究聯(lián)盟2012屆第一次聯(lián)考,3)We were told not to touch the equipment in the laboratory unless ________.
A. allowed to doB. allowing to do C. allowed toD. allowing to
B組 2010-2011年全國(guó)模擬題組
1.(2011年浙江省高考模擬卷,6) ______ to the victims in the mud-flow struck areas, you can contact the local charity organizations.
A. Contributing B. To contribute C. Being contribute D. Contributed
2.(溫州中學(xué)高三年級(jí)第一次模擬考試,35)In my opinion, learning is life long and the more knowledge you get_______.
A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more life
3.(浙江省紹興市2011年高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)測(cè),11)The latest edition of Harry Potter is as attractive as the previous editions. , it is more thrilling.
A．If anythingB．If somethingC．If necessaryD．If so
4.(浙江省2011屆高考考試樣卷 ,6)If not _______, you’re allowed to return everything within 10 days for a full refund and no further duties.
A. to satisfy B. being satisfied C. satisfied D. satisfying
5.(浙江省2011屆高三模擬考試試題（一）,23)
—Do you know ____ the 2011 Xiamen International arathon was held?
—On January 2．
A．when it was that B．when was it that
C．what it was that D．what was it that
6.(浙江省富陽(yáng)二中2011屆高三3月月考,6) It is the best play I have ever seen, and never before _______ a film of so high quality.
A. I saw B. have I seen C. did I see D. I have seen
7.(浙江省溫州二中2010屆高三上學(xué)期期中,11)_______ up , the young man found himself covered with a red blanket.
A. Wake B. Waking C. Wakes D. woke
8.(浙江省瑞安中學(xué)2010屆高三暑期總結(jié)性測(cè)試,10) Only when you leave your parents for college education _______ how much you love them.
A. do you realizeB. you realizeC. you will realizeD. will you realize
9.(溫州市2009學(xué)年高三八校聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷,6) Not until I went through his paper _________ what rapid progress he had made in writing.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I had found D. was I found
10.(溫州中學(xué)2009學(xué)年第一學(xué)期第一次月考,12)______ with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches.
A. Preparing B. Having prepared
C. To prepareD. Prepared
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