2012年高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)金子般的學(xué)案語法部分：狀語從句（新人教版）
狀語從句是一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)另一個(gè)句子的狀語，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、條、原因、方式、結(jié)果、目的等等。
狀語從句是歷年高考題的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。命題一般是考查學(xué)生連詞的掌握情況，根據(jù)兩個(gè)句子的意思，判斷兩個(gè)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇合適的連詞。常見的狀語從句有九大類。要牢記不同的連詞的具體意思，是解題的關(guān)鍵。
一、時(shí)間狀語從句
常見連詞： when / while / as; before / after; since; until; as soon as / immediately / instantly / the
moment / the minute / the second; no sooner…than / hardly…when; the first time / every time / each time / next time
【完成例句】
(1)我正在做飯，這時(shí)，門鈴響了。
I was doing some cooking when the doorbell rang.[ ]
＝The doorbell rang when I was doing some cooking.
(2)我正要下班，這時(shí)，天開始下大雨了。
I was about to leave work when it began to rain heavily.
【結(jié)論1】when 通常意思為：當(dāng)……時(shí)候； 正在那時(shí)……
【完成例句】[ ]
(3)你在北京期間能否給我收集一些紅樹葉？
While you are in Beijing, can you collect some red leaves for me?
(4)那個(gè)男孩在過馬路時(shí)被迎面駛的小轎車撞了。
While walking across the street, the boy was knocked over by a running car.
【結(jié)論2】 while從句只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意思為：在……期間。
【翻譯句子】
(5)As time goes by, we are growing wiser and wiser.
隨著時(shí)間的推移，我們變得越越聰明了。
(6)She does her homework as she sings.
她一邊寫作業(yè)，一邊唱歌。
【結(jié)論3】as 表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作幾乎同步進(jìn)行。意思為：一邊……，一邊……； 隨著……
【完成例句】
(7)我還沒到家就覺得餓了。(在到家之前就覺得餓)
I had felt hungry before I arrived home.
(8)我還沒得及向她道歉，她就離開了辦公室。(在我能夠說抱歉之前，她就離開了辦公室)
She left the office before I could say sorry to her.
(9)還要過很久我們才能畢業(yè)。
It will be long before we graduate.
【結(jié)論4】 before 在……之前 ；還沒得及……才
【完成例句】
(10)我上海已經(jīng)4年了。
It's / has been four years since I came to Shanghai.
【結(jié)論5】 since “自從……以”；是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。
【注意】從句中延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞意義為否定。
例：①我當(dāng)醫(yī)生已經(jīng)3年了。(自從我成為醫(yī)生以，時(shí)間已經(jīng)過去3年了。)
It is three years since I became a doctor
②他不當(dāng)醫(yī)生已經(jīng)3年了。
It is three years since he was a doctor.
③我父親不吸煙已有兩年了。
It is two years since my father smoked.
④我父親吸煙已有兩年了。
It is two years since my father began to smoke.
【翻譯句子】
(11)我一直睡到鬧鐘響為止。
I slept until the clock alarmed.
(12)直到爸爸回我才開始睡覺。
I didn't sleep until my father came back.
【結(jié)論6】until ①在肯定句中，表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)“到…為止”；② 在否定句中，常與not連用，表示動(dòng)作“直到……才開始”。
【翻譯句子】
(13)她一到日本就給她媽媽打電話了。
She gave a ring to her mother immediately she landed in Japan.[ ]
【結(jié)論7】as soon as / immediately / the moment / the minute / the second引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一……就”
【完成例句】
(14)她一離開辦公室電話就響了。
She had no sooner left the office than the telephone rang.
(15)我們一吃過晚餐就開始修機(jī)器了。
We had no sooner had supper than we began to repair the machine.
→ No sooner had we had supper than we began to repair the machine. (倒裝句形式)
【結(jié)論8】 no sooner…than… / hardly…when… 剛……就……(注意：主句時(shí)態(tài)用had done；從句用did )
【例句觀察】
Every time I see the film, I can't help recalling my childhood in the countryside.
每當(dāng)看那部電影，我就忍不住回想起在農(nóng)村度過的童年。
Call me earlier next time you come to Shanghai.
你下次上海早點(diǎn)兒給我打電話。
【結(jié)論9】特殊的狀語從句連詞有：
every time 每當(dāng)，每次；the first time 第一次……時(shí)候，next time 下次……時(shí)。
二、條狀語從句
【完成例句】
(16)如果完成了作業(yè)，放學(xué)后他們就去打籃球。
They will play basketball after school if they finish their work.
(17)除非被邀請(qǐng)，不然我是不會(huì)參加會(huì)議的。
I will not attend the meeting unless I am invited.
(18)一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)，他就會(huì)被逮捕。
Once (he was) found, he would be arrested.
【結(jié)論】(1)常見連詞：if / unless / once / as (so) long as / on condition that / provided(providing) that… / suppose (supposing) that… / say that… / let's say that…
(2) unless＝ if…not , 意思是“如果不 / 沒有……”
三、原因狀語從句
常見連詞：because, for, since, as, now that, when
【例句觀察】
—Why didn't you come yesterday?
—你昨天為什么沒？
—Because my mum was ill.
—因?yàn)槲覌寢屔×恕?br> It's because my mum was ill yesterday that I didn't come.
我昨天是因?yàn)閶寢屔〔艣]的。
【結(jié)論1】①because 表示直接的、必然的原因�；卮饂hy問句；
②強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只用because表示原因。It is because…that…
【注意】表示補(bǔ)充說明的原因用for，而且不能放在句首。
The day has broken, for the birds are singing no
天亮了，因?yàn)轼B兒在唱歌。
【完成例句】
(19)既然你回答不了這個(gè)問題，那我就問問別人吧。
Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
【結(jié)論2】since 表示眾所周知的原因，“既然”，常放在句首。
【翻譯句子】
(20)由于天黑了，我們還是下班吧！
As it's dark, we'd better go off work.
【結(jié)論3】 as 表示客觀原因，“由于”，常放在句首。
【翻譯句子】
(21)既然你生病了，那就躺床上休息休息吧！
Now that you feel sick, you can have a rest in bed.
【結(jié)論4】 now that 通常表示用新出現(xiàn)的情況作為原因，“既然”。
【翻譯句子】
(22)Why do you want to find a new job when you have a good job already?
既然你已經(jīng)擁有一份好工作了，為什么還要再找新工作呢？
【結(jié)論5】 when既然……(有輕微的責(zé)備口吻)。
【翻譯句子】
(23)His request is unreasonable in that he knows we can't afford it.
他的要求不合理在于他知道我們付不起款。
【結(jié)論6】 in that－從句“在于……”。 [ ]
四、結(jié)果狀語從句
【例句觀察】
She is such a clever girl that we all like her.
She is so clever (a girl) that we all like her.
她是一個(gè)如此聰明的女孩以至于我們大家都很喜歡她。
【結(jié)論】常見連詞：so / such…that… “如此……以至于……”。要牢記下面的幾個(gè)句型。
①…so ＋adj. / adv.＋that…
②So adj. a / an ＋ n．＋that…
③So many / few / much / little(少)＋ n. (不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))＋that…
④Such＋a / an＋adj. ＋ n．＋that…
⑤Such＋adj. ＋ n. (不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))＋that…
【注意】 hat 后面必須是完整的句子，即必須要有完整的主語、謂語、賓語。
五、目的狀語從句
【翻譯句子】
(24)為了趕上早班車，我們?cè)缭绲鼐推鸫擦恕?br> We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.
【結(jié)論1】 so that / in order that ＋從句(從句用can / could / may / might ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形)為了……
【翻譯句子】
(25)以防錯(cuò)過早班車，我們?cè)缭绲鼐推鸫擦恕?br> We got up early for fear that / lest / in case we should miss the first bus.
【結(jié)論2】 for fear that / in case that＋ 從句(從句可以用虛擬語氣即should＋動(dòng)詞原形)。
以防萬一發(fā)生……
六、地點(diǎn)狀語從句
【翻譯句子】
(26)在你有問題的地方做個(gè)標(biāo)記。
ake a mark where you have problems.
【結(jié)論3】where 在……地方＝ in the place where / in the place in which。
【翻譯句子】
(27)無論他在哪，我都會(huì)找到他的。
I will find him wherever he may be.
【結(jié)論2】wherever 無論在……地方＝ no matter where。
七、讓步狀語從句
【完成例句】
(28)盡管他很富裕，他從不浪費(fèi)一個(gè)子兒。
Although he is rich, he never wastes a coin.
【結(jié)論1】although / though / while (只能位于句首)雖然；盡管。
【翻譯句子】
(29)①Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study.
盡管爸爸年紀(jì)大了，他還是堅(jiān)持學(xué)英語。
②Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.
盡管他是個(gè)孩子，他懂一點(diǎn)關(guān)于電的東西。
(30)盡管他很努力，但是還是失敗了。
Hard as he worked, he failed.
(31)盡管湯姆已經(jīng)盡力了，但還是無法從困境中走出。
Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulty.
【結(jié)論2】as 句型：
①表語(形容詞 / 名詞)＋ as / though ＋ 主語＋ 系動(dòng)詞，主句。
【注意】名詞前不加任何冠詞。
②副詞＋ as / though＋主語＋謂語動(dòng)詞，主句。
③動(dòng)詞原形 ＋as / though ＋ 主語＋ might / may, 主句。
【翻譯句子】
(32)即使明天下雪，我們也要出差。
Even if it snows tomorrow, we shall still go on business.
【結(jié)論3】even if / even though (有一定的假設(shè)意味)即使， 縱然。
【翻譯句子】
(33)不管那有多難，我們都要盡力完成。
No matter how difficult it might be, we'll try to complete it.
【結(jié)論4】 no matter how / what / where / who…， 無論怎么 / 什么 / 哪里 / 誰……
【注意】 no matter 必須和特殊疑問詞連用。
【翻譯句子】
(34)不管你明天去不去，我們都要去郊游。
Whether you go or not tomorrow, we will go outing.
【結(jié)論5】whether…or…無論是否……
八、方式狀語從句
【完成例句】
(35)她英語說得好像她是紐約本地人一樣。
She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.
【結(jié)論1】 as if / as though ＋ 從句(從句的虛擬語氣與wish 后的賓語從句虛擬語氣類似)。
【完成例句】
(36)按我剛才告訴你的那樣做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
Do the experiment as I told you just no
【結(jié)論3】as 表“正如”。
九、比較狀語從句
【例句觀察】
She is as tall as her mother.
她和她媽媽一樣高。
【結(jié)論1】 as… as 和……一樣……
She is not as healthy as her sister.
她不如她姐姐健康。
【結(jié)論2】 not as / so…as…不如……一樣……； 不和……一樣……
The boy is taller than his father.
這個(gè)男孩長得比他爸爸高。
【結(jié)論3】比較級(jí)＋than 比……更加……
【疑難】比較狀語從句通常會(huì)結(jié)合三個(gè)倍數(shù)的表達(dá)句型進(jìn)行考查，如：A是B的三倍大有如下三種表達(dá)：
(1) A is twice bigger than B.
(2) A is three times as big as B.
(3) A is three times the size of B.
【疑難剖析】
1. A is倍數(shù)＋adj.的比較級(jí) (larger, heavier, more 等)＋than B.
2. A is倍數(shù)＋as＋adj. 的原級(jí)( large, heavy / many, much)＋ as B
3. A is倍數(shù)＋the＋表比較內(nèi)容的名詞(size, weight, area, width, length 等)of B.
注意：句型1的倍數(shù)比句型2、3的倍數(shù)少一倍。
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