Ⅰ.重點單詞聚焦
1．Bob earned his________(船費) on an English boat when he traveled to China.
答案： passage
2．Usain Bolt set an________(難以置信的) world record in the 100meter race at the Beijing Olympics.
答案： unbelievable
3．We missed the first few________(場景) of the play because we were caught in a traffic jam.
答案： scenes
4．It wasn’t your________(過錯)．You needn’t apologize to him.
答案： fault
5．The job is not tiring at all.On the________(相反)，it’s very relaxing.
答案： contrary
6．By law，youth under eighteen are not________(允許) to enter Net bars.
答案： permitted
7．These children are very naughty，so you need________(耐心) to deal with them.
答案： patience
8．Good________(態(tài)度，舉止) are a very important key to your social success.
答案： manners
9．I don’t like to talk with him；he has a very________(粗魯?shù)? manner.
答案： rude
10．Recent pressure at work may________(解釋) for his strange behavior.
答案： account
Ⅱ.重點短語掃描
1． accident/chance 偶然；無意中；不小心
2．stare at 盯著看；凝視
3．a(chǎn)ccount 導(dǎo)致；做出解釋
4． rags 衣衫襤褸
5． for/to 關(guān)于；至于
6．bring 撫養(yǎng)；培養(yǎng)；教育；提出
7．go 前進；可以；往下說
8．on the 與此相反；正相反
9．to be 說實話
10．take a 冒險
11．from the of one’s heart 從心底
12．take one’s 點菜
by
for
in
as
up
ahead
contrary
honest
chance
bottom
order
Ⅲ.課文原句突破
1．快到黃昏的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一陣大風(fēng)刮到了大海上。
Well，towards nightfall I________ ________ ________ ________to sea by a strong wind.
答案： found myself carried out
2．第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。
The next morning I’d just about ________ ________ ________ for lost________ I was ________by a ship.
答案： given myself up；when；spotted
3．是那艘船把你帶到英國來的。
And ________ ________ ________ ________ ________brought you to England.
答案： it was the ship that
4．事實上，我是靠做義工來頂替船費，這正是我為什么衣冠不整的原因。
________ ________ ________ ________I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.
答案： The fact is that
5．真的，先生，我希望您想來的時候，您就來。
Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here ________ you like.
答案： whenever
6．至于賬單嘛，先生，請把它忘了吧。
________ ________ the bill，sir，please forget it.
答案： As for
scene n．(戲劇)一場；現(xiàn)場；場面；景色；(電影，電視的)一個鏡頭；(事件發(fā)生的)地點
on the scene在現(xiàn)場；當(dāng)場
appear/come on the scene出場；登場
behind the scenes在幕后；暗中
the scene of the accident事故現(xiàn)場
①Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.
那事故發(fā)生后不久記者們就趕到了現(xiàn)場。
②The happy scene of children playing in the garden disappeared，and it was quiet again.
孩子們在花園里高興地玩得場面消失后，花園又安靜下來。
③The students were able to go behind the scenes to see how programmes are made.
學(xué)生們可以到后臺去看看節(jié)目是怎么制作出來的。
④They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident.
他們火速趕到車禍的現(xiàn)場。
辨析：scene，scenery與view
(1)scene指都市景觀或室內(nèi)陳設(shè)，還可指舞臺場面或部分布景，是可數(shù)名詞。
(2)scenery指山河湖海等自然景觀，也可指舞臺全部，是不可數(shù)名詞。
(3)view指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處看到的風(fēng)景。
1.用scene，scenery與view填空：
(1)When I was a little boy，I lived in a small fishing village.The visit to the village reminded me of the________of my childhood.
(2)On the top of Mount Tai，you can get a wonderful________of the sunrise.
(3)We passed through some beautiful________on our journey through this district.
答案： (1)scene (2)view (3)scenery
permit v．允許；容許；許可；n.許可證；執(zhí)照；通行證
教材原句P18：Permit me to lead the way，sir.
先生，請讓我來帶路吧。
①Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.
參觀者請勿拍照。
②After the law was passed，the prisoners in that state are permitted two hours’ outdoor exercise a day.此項法律通過后，那個州的犯人允許每天有兩個小時的戶外活動。
③My parents didn’t permit my going with you.
我父母不準(zhǔn)我和你一起去。
④We’ll have a picnic in the woods，weather permitting.
如果天氣好，我們將在樹林里野餐。
2.(2014?寧夏銀川一中高三月考)The local government announced that only when the fire was under control________to return to their homes.
A．the residents would be permitted
B．had the residents been permitted
C．would the residents be permitted
D．the residents had been permitted
解析： “only＋狀語”位于句首要用部分倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)，另外本句用了permit sb.to do的結(jié)構(gòu)，其被動語態(tài)形式為sb.be permitted to do。
答案： C
fault n．責(zé)任；過錯；缺點；vt.對……挑毛病
教材原句P18：It was all my fault.這都是我的錯。
It’s one’s fault.是某人的錯。
find fault in看出……的缺點，找出……的毛病
find fault with對……不滿，挑剔
①I wonder how they got lost and whose fault it was.
我想知道他們是怎么迷路的，又是誰的過錯。
②Somehow，people seem to think it’s my fault for letting him in.
不知怎的，人們似乎認(rèn)為讓他進來是我的過錯。
③He is such a man who is always finding fault with other people.
他是一個總愛挑剔別人毛病的人。
3.完成句子
(1)我希望你不要再對我做的一切吹毛求疵了。
I wish you’d stop trying to ______________________I do.
(2)從你的文章里我找不到錯誤，它完美無瑕。
I can’t ________________________your paper.It is perfect.
答案： (1)find fault with everything (2)find fault in
spot vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出；點綴；n.斑點；污點；地點
教材原句P18：The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時候，一艘海船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。
①I had just sat down to work when I spotted something moving on the wall.我剛剛坐下來工作就發(fā)現(xiàn)有東西在墻上挪動。
②He spotted a serious mistake in the accounts.
他在賬目中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個嚴(yán)重的錯誤。
③I easily spotted him in the crowd because he was very tall.
因為他個子非常高，我在人群中很容易就認(rèn)出了他。
④I was on the spot when the accident happened.
事故發(fā)生時我在場。
⑤This is the very spot where the accident happened.
這就是事故發(fā)生的地點。
4.完成句子
When the man was trying to break into the bank，he________________________(當(dāng)場被警察抓住)．
答案： was caught by the police on the spot
account vi.& vt.認(rèn)為；說明；總計有；n.說明；理由；計算；賬目；報道
教材原句P18：The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.
事實上我靠做義工來頂替船費，這就是我為什么衣冠不整的原因了。
①How do you account for your absence from school yesterday?
你如何解釋你昨天沒上學(xué)呢？
②On no account must employers make personal telephone calls from the office.
＝Employees must on no account make personal telephone calls from the office.雇員們決不允許在辦公室打私人電話。
③His exam results were not very good，but we must take his long illness into account.
他的考試成績不是很好，但我們必須考慮到他曾長期生病。
④The train was delayed on account of snow.
火車因下雪而延誤了。
⑤He paid the money into his account.
他把錢存入他的賬戶里。
5.完成句子
缺錢是她輟學(xué)的原因。
____________________________her not continuing her studies.
答案： Lack of money accounts for
6．Since we are not wealthy now，we’d better take our daily expenses into________.
A．thought B．a(chǎn)ccount
C．position D．effect
解析： 考查名詞辨析。take...into account/consideration為固定搭配，表示“把……考慮進去”。thought思索，想法，觀點；account賬戶，描述，報道；position位置，方位，境況，形勢，(社會)地位，職務(wù)；effect結(jié)果，效果，影響。句意為：我們現(xiàn)在并不富裕，因此我們應(yīng)把日常的花銷考慮在內(nèi)。
答案： B
bring up培養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)；教育；提出；嘔吐
教材原句P17：He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.他在密西西比河邊的密蘇里州的漢尼拔長大。
①She has three young children to bring up on her own.
她獨自一人要撫養(yǎng)三個孩子。
②Some people laughed at the idea when I first brought it up.
我第一次把這想法提出來時受到一些人的嘲笑。
③He was so sick that he brought up his lunch.
他病得很嚴(yán)重，以至于把吃的午飯都吐了出來。
bring about引起；產(chǎn)生；導(dǎo)致；帶來
bring sth.back帶回某物；使想起
bring down讓……降下來；使倒下
bring forward提前
bring in引入
④The photographs brought back many pleasant memories.
那些照片給人帶來很多美好的回憶。
⑤Science and technology has brought about many changes in our lives.科學(xué)技術(shù)給我們生活帶來了諸多變化。
⑥He made every effort to bring down the cost of living.
他竭力降低生活費用。
7.His parents died when he was five years old，so he was________by his grandparents.
A．taken up B．given up
C．grown up D．brought up
解析： 此題考查詞語辨析。句意為：他的父母在他五歲時去世，因此他由爺爺奶奶撫養(yǎng)大。take up占用；give up放棄；grow up長大；bring up撫養(yǎng)，撫育；帶大。
答案： D
8．完成句子
The discussion came alive when an interesting topic__________________(引入)．
答案： was brought in
go ahead前進；(用于祈使句)可以；往下說
教材原句P18：Go right ahead.請問吧。
①Go ahead！I want to hear more about your plan.
往下說，我想知道更多你的計劃。
②―I wonder if I could possibly use your car tonight.
――我今天晚上能不能用你的汽車？
―Sure，go ahead.I’m not using it anyhow.
――當(dāng)然可以，用吧。反正我也不用。
go against違背，反對/對……不利(無被動式)
go around/round/about(疾病、消息等)傳播
go by過去
go over審查；查閱；復(fù)習(xí)
go through遭受；經(jīng)歷；通過
go without沒有……也行；將就……
③She went against her mother’s wishes.
她違背了她母親的意愿。
④As time went by，I was made smaller.
隨著歲月的流逝，我被做的越來越小。
⑤Smokers cannot go without cigarettes even a day.
吸煙者哪怕一天沒有香煙都不行。
9.(全國高考)―Could I ask you a rather personal question?
―Sure，________.
A．pardon me B．go ahead
C．good idea D．forget it
解析： 句意為：――我可以問你一個私人問題嗎？――當(dāng)然可以，說吧。pardon me請再說一遍；go ahead干吧，說吧，用吧；good idea好主意；forget it沒關(guān)系，不必在意；(表示不想重復(fù)說過的話)別提它了；住嘴。
答案： B
10．(陜西高考)―Could I use your computer for a few moments，please?
―________.I’m not using it myself.
A．Come on B．It depends
C．Go ahead D．That’s great
解析： 本題考查交際用語。由前置語境“我能不能用會兒你的電腦”以及后置語境“我自己現(xiàn)在不用”可知應(yīng)選C項Go ahead用吧！去吧！干吧！而Come on加油，It depends看情況而定，That’s great太棒了，均不合題意。
答案： C
The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。
had just done...when...剛做完某事，這時……
be doing...when...正在做……這時……
be about to do...when...正要做……這時……
be on the point of doing...when...
正要做……這時……
①He had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
他剛上床睡覺，這時電話響了。
②He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.
他正在讀報，這時聽到有人叫他的名字。
③I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.
我正要出門，一位不速之客來訪了。
④She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.
她正要離開，這時我來了。
when用作連詞，意為“既然”。
⑤How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen?
既然他們從不聽講，他們怎么能指望學(xué)到東西呢？
11.(2010?全國卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird.
A．when B．if
C．a(chǎn)nd D．till
解析： 句意為：湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時一只鳥引起了他的注意。在句式“...be about to do when...”中，when作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于and at that time，句中was about to do為標(biāo)志詞，故答案為A項。
答案： A
12．(2009?福建卷)She had just finished her homework________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A．when B．while
C．a(chǎn)fter D．since
解析： 句意為：昨天她剛做完作業(yè)，她媽媽就讓她練鋼琴。when在本句中作并列連詞，意為：and at that time。while作并列連詞，表示“對比轉(zhuǎn)折”；after為從屬連詞或介詞，意為“在……之后”；since自從……時候，既然……。
答案： A
13．(四川高考)There were some chairs left over________everyone had sat down.
A．when B．until
C．that D．where
解析： 句意為：雖然所有人都坐下了，但還有一些椅子剩下。when放在句中時有even though之意。
答案： A
14．(遼寧高考)I used to love that film________I was a child，but I don’t feel it that way any more.
A．once B．when
C．since D．a(chǎn)lthough
解析： 句意為：當(dāng)我是個小孩的時候我曾經(jīng)很喜歡那部電影，但現(xiàn)在我再也沒有那種感覺了。A.一旦；B.當(dāng)……的時候；C.自從……以來；既然；D.盡管，根據(jù)句意選B。
答案： B
Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.真的，先生， 我希望您想來的時候，您就來。
whenever意為“在任何時候，無論何時”。
(1)whenever，wherever，however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時相當(dāng)于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)however用作連接副詞，相當(dāng)于no matter how，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意思是“不管怎樣……；無論如何……”，具體結(jié)構(gòu)為：however＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語。
①Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.
每當(dāng)我們遇到困難的時候，他們都會幫助我們。
②However great the difficulties are，we must complete the task in time.不管困難有多大，我們都必須及時完成任務(wù)。
③Whatever your problems are，you mustn’t lose heart.
不管你面臨的是什么問題，都不要失去信心。
④Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever不能換成no matter who)無論誰觸犯法律，都應(yīng)受到懲罰。
whichever，whatever在句中還可作定語。
The content is the same whichever book you choose.
不管你選哪一本書，內(nèi)容都是一樣的。
15.(2010?上海卷)________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A．However a serious problem
B．What a serious problem
C．However serious a problem
D．What serious a problem
解析： 句意為：不論你的問題有多嚴(yán)重，你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣，接受挑戰(zhàn)�？疾闋钫Z從句。分析題干可知逗號前是讓步狀語從句，what不能用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句，所以排除B、D兩項；however＋adj.＋a/an＋單數(shù)名詞＝whatever＋a/an＋adj.＋單數(shù)名詞，故C項正確。
答案： C
Well，towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
哦，快到黃昏的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一陣大風(fēng)刮到了大海上。
find oneself...發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于某種境地，而且含有一種“在不知不覺中……”的意思。
①When day broke，we found ourselves in a small village at the foot of the mountain.
天亮?xí)r，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己來到了那座山腳下的一個小村子里。
②When he came to himself，he found himself lying in hospital.
當(dāng)他醒來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。
③I found myself surrounded by a group of children.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群孩子圍住了。
④A group of children were found playing on the playground.
有人發(fā)現(xiàn)一群孩子正在操場上玩耍。
16.He found his son________by letters and papers and________very worried.
A．surrounding；looked
B．surrounded；looked
C．surrounding；looking
D．surrounded；looking
解析： 動詞的過去分詞充當(dāng)賓補，表示被動；動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)賓補，表示主動。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選D。
答案： D
17．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A．smoke B．smoking
C．to smoke D．smoked
解析： 句意為：如果發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師在廚房里吸煙，他將馬上被解雇。本題考查的是“find＋賓語＋賓補”的結(jié)構(gòu)，主語補足語的選擇與賓語補足語的選擇方法相同。由“發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師在廚房里吸煙”，可知“廚師”與“吸煙”之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系(或主動關(guān)系)且強調(diào)“吸煙”這一動作正在進行之中。所以smoking是最佳答案。
答案： B
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．His grandmother and his father______________________(將他撫養(yǎng)成人)．
答案： brought him up
2．I’ll see you after the meeting__________________(如果時間允許的話)．
答案： if time permits
3．__________________________(我偶然碰見她) in the street.
答案： I met her by accident
4．He lifted his head and______________________(盯著她看)．
答案： stared at her
5．Even in New York you still see______________________(很多人穿得破破爛爛)．
答案： many people in rags
6．__________________(關(guān)于我的過去)，I’m not telling you anything.
答案： As for/to my past
7．Though，he was told it was hard to find job there，he still decided to______________(冒險)．
答案： take a chance/risk
8．You didn’t bother me.__________________(相反) I like your company.
答案： On the contrary
Ⅱ.巧思妙解
1．(2009?陜西卷)The howto book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
A．who B．whomever
C．no matter who D．whoever
解析： 句意為：指南類的書對想從事這項工作的任何人都會有幫助。本題考查名詞性從句。首先排除C項，no matter who只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句；who表特指；whomever與whoever同樣可以表示任何人，但設(shè)空處連接代詞需作賓語從句的主語，故排除B項。
答案： D
2．(浙江高考)________wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
A．Anyone B．The one
C．Whoever D．Who
解析： 句意為：任何一個想住在旅館里的人必須支付自己的費用。whoever此處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于anyone who。anyone和the one后少who，who表特指，故被排除。
答案： C
3．(2014?東城第一學(xué)期檢測)The magnificent tower must be saved，________the cost!
A．however B．whichever
C．whatever D．wherever
解析： 考查連詞。該句是省略句，省略了謂語動詞is，補充完整就是whatever the cost is，由此可以看出從句中缺少的是表語。whichever表示在特定范圍內(nèi)選擇，而句中沒有可供選擇的范圍，所以要用whatever，相當(dāng)于no matter what，在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
答案： C
4．(遼寧高考)________hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A．Whatever B．Whenever
C．Wherever D．However
解析： 句意為：無論我多餓，看來我都吃不了那大片面包。A.無論什么，常與名詞連用或引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；B.無論什么時候；C.無論在哪里；D.無論多么或怎樣，常與形容詞或副詞連用，故選D。
答案： D
5．________we gave him something to eat，he would save it up for his little sister.
A．Whatever B．However
C．Whichever D．Whenever
解析： 考查連詞。句意為：“無論何時我們給他東西吃，他總是留下一些給他小妹妹�！�
答案： D
Ⅲ.語法專練
本單元語法――賓語從句和表語從句
1．(2014?安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考)―You know，I’m poor in Chinese，you are not good at English，and...
―That’s________we should help each other.
A．when B．where
C．how D．what
解析： 考查名詞性從句。where引導(dǎo)的從句作表語，where在句中的意思是“……的地方”。
答案： B
2．(2014?北京東城區(qū)期末)Water，which seems so simple and common，is________makes life possible.
A．what B．that
C．which D．how
解析： 考查表語從句。名詞性從句的解題原則是“缺什么補什么”，此處表語從句“________makes life possible”中缺少“主語”，同時“主語”不表示“人”，用what(表示人時應(yīng)該選用who)。
答案： A
3．(2014?北京海淀區(qū)期末)Sorry I’m so late，but you cannot imagine________great trouble I took to find your house.
A．what B．how
C．which D．why
解析： 考查賓語從句。take great trouble to do something表示“不辭辛勞地做某事”。在此，what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句同時是一個感嘆句，what修飾名詞trouble。而how在感嘆句中修飾形容詞或副詞。
答案： A
4．(2010?成都畢業(yè)班診斷性檢測)Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades，and this is________he devoted all his life to.
A．which B．what
C．where D．how
解析： 考查名詞性從句。what引導(dǎo)表語從句且在從句中作介詞to的賓語，表示“什么”。
答案： B
5．(2010?綿陽三診)After five hours’ drive，they reached________they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.
A．where B．what
C．which D．that
解析： 考查賓語從句。句意為：驅(qū)車五個小時之后，他們來到了他們認(rèn)為是他們一直夢寐以求的地方。句中what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且作從句的主語，其中they thought是插入語。
答案： B
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