知識(shí)詳解
① fit adj. 適合的；健康的，強(qiáng)健的；能勝任的，合格的
v． 適合，使(衣服)合身，使適應(yīng)，使合格，使勝任
(回歸課本P52)．..I take a lot of exercise and am very fit.
……我鍛煉很多，身體很健康。
【歸納總結(jié)】
①Keep fit，study hard and work well.
身體好，學(xué)習(xí)好，工作好。
②He’s been ill and isn’t fit for work yet.
他一直在生病，尚不能工作。
③The water in this river isn’t fit to drink.
這條河中的水不適合飲用。
④This jacket fits her well.這件夾克非常適合她。
【例句探源】
match，suit，go with，agree with，fit
(1)match“和……匹配，適合”，多指色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配。
(2)suit“適合(常指衣服顏色、樣式適合某人)；適宜”，還可表示“合某人的意(在口語中)”。
(3)go with“和……相配；相稱”，基本相當(dāng)于match的用法，但著重強(qiáng)調(diào)同步材料的匹配。
(4)agree with“適合(常用于否定句)；相一致”。
(5)fit“適合(常指衣服尺寸適合某人)；稱職”。
【易混辨析】
①His clothes don’t match his age.
②Does the time suit you?
③The new coat fits her well.It is neither too big nor too small.
④His story agrees_with the fact.
⑤I’d like to buy some tapes to go_with the book.
1．(高考山東卷)Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to________，so she left.
A．show off B．go up
C．fit in D．come over
解析：選C。考查動(dòng)詞短語。show off“炫耀，使突出”；go up“上漲，提高，增加”；fit in“相處融洽，合得來”；come over“過來，順便拜訪”。句意：艾米參加了一個(gè)繪畫組，但是似乎(和那些人)合不來，所以她又退了出來。顯然C項(xiàng)符合句意。
【即境活用】
2.Her shoes________her dress；they look very well together.
A．suit B．fit
C．compare D．match
解析：選D。句意是：她的鞋子與她的裙子相配，它們穿在一起很好看。此句要用match表示“與……相配”。suit后賓語往往是人；fit的賓語也是人；compare指“相比”。
② rarely adv. 稀少地；極少地
(回歸課本P52)I rarely get toothache.
我很少牙疼。
【歸納總結(jié)】
(1)rarely 為否定詞，位于句首時(shí)句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝。類似,的詞還有：hardly，scarcely，seldom，never，little等。,(2)rare adj.稀少的；罕有的，其反義詞為common。
【例句探源】
①The truth is rarely pure and never simple.
真理很少是純粹的，更不會(huì)是簡(jiǎn)單的。
②This method is rarely used in modern laboratories.
＝Rarely is this method used in modern laboratories.
現(xiàn)代實(shí)驗(yàn)室里很少使用這種方法。
3．?How was the televised debate last night?
?Super！Rarely________so much media attention.
A．a(chǎn) debate attracted B．did a debate attract
C．a(chǎn) debate did attract D．a(chǎn)ttracted a debate
解析：選B。答句的句意是：好極了！很少有一次電視辯論會(huì)引起媒體的廣泛注意。rarely提到句首，句子要用部分倒裝語序，把助動(dòng)詞did提到主語a debate前面。
【即境活用】
③ pain n． 疼痛；痛苦；辛苦，努力(用復(fù)數(shù))
vt. 使痛苦 vi. 感到疼痛
(回歸課本P52)The injury was quite painful...
受傷處非常疼……
【歸納總結(jié)】
with great pain 煞費(fèi)苦心地
in pain疼痛，在苦惱中
have a pain/pains in the head 頭疼
be at pains 辛苦地做，下苦功做……
take pains 盡力，費(fèi)苦心，下苦功
spare no pains 不遺余力，全力以赴，不辭勞苦painful adj.令人痛苦的，疼痛的
【例句探源】
①No pains, no gains.(諺語)不勞無獲。
②Take these tablets if you are in pain.
要是疼痛就服下這些藥。
③He spared no pains to bring up the child.
他不辭辛苦養(yǎng)育那小孩。
④It pains me to see you living this way.
看到你這樣生活，我很痛心。
⑤She took great pains to learn a foreign language well.
她努力地學(xué)好一門外語。
4．?It took me ten years to build up my business，and it almost killed me.
?Well，you know what they say.________.
A．There is no smoke without fire
B．Practice makes perfect
C．All roads lead to Rome
D．No pains，no gains
解析：選 D。由第一句話“It took me ten years to build up my business” 可知，有付出才有收獲，故D項(xiàng)正確。
【即境活用】
④ anxious adj. 憂慮的，不安的；掛念的；渴望的，急切的
(回歸課本P2)Why is Zhou Kai’s mother anxious?
周凱的媽媽為什么擔(dān)心？
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
① She is still absent. I’m anxious about her health.
她依然缺課，我實(shí)在擔(dān)心她的健康。
②She was anxious for them all to leave the classroom.
她渴望他們?nèi)茧x開教室。
③(朗文P67)Peggy is anxious to show that she can cope with extra responsibility.
佩吉急切地想表明她能承擔(dān)額外的職責(zé)。
④The mother was filled with anxiety about her daughter’s health.
母親為女兒的健康憂心忡忡。
⑤He is anxiously watching for his friend.
他急切地等著他的朋友。
5.Our parents always get a little bit________ if we don’t manage to arrive when we say we will.
A．eager B．a(chǎn)nxious
C．patient D．earnest
解析：選B。get a little bit anxious“感到有點(diǎn)焦急、擔(dān)心。”
6.完成句子
I ______________________________ when they didn’t come back home from school.
孩子們放學(xué)后沒有回家，我非常擔(dān)心。
答案：was anxious about the children
【即境活用】
⑤ would rather 寧愿
(回歸課本P2)A lot of my school friends eat sweets every day but I’m lucky because I don’t have a sweet tooth?I’d rather eat a nice piece of fruit.
我很多校友每天都吃糖果，幸運(yùn)的是我不喜歡甜食??我寧愿吃一塊可口的水果。
(1)would rather (not)do sth.寧愿/想做(不做)某事 (2)would rather do A than do B 寧愿做A不愿做B (3)would rather (not)have done sth.寧愿/希望做過
(沒做過)某事。表達(dá)的愿望與事實(shí)相反。
(4)would rather＋that?clause寧愿/希望……；從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，表達(dá)對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿靡话氵^去時(shí)，對(duì)過去的愿望用過去完成時(shí)。prefer doing sth./to do sth.寧愿做某事
prefer doing A to doing B＝prefer to do A rather than do B＝would rather do A than do B 寧愿做A而不愿意做B
【歸納總結(jié)】
①We would rather listen to some fairly quiet and peaceful music.
我們寧愿聽點(diǎn)兒稍微恬靜柔和的音樂。
②I would rather not go out ，if you don’t mind.
如果你不介意的話，今晚我不想外出了。
③I would rather walk than take a bus.
我寧愿走路也不愿坐公共汽車。
【例句探源】
④She would rather have met him when she was young.
她真希望在年輕時(shí)就遇到他。
⑤I would rather not have lent her my car.
我真希望自己當(dāng)初沒有把車借給她。
⑥We would rather you came tomorrow.
我們寧愿你明天來。
⑦I’d rather he hadn’t done it.
我真希望他沒干過那件事。
【即境活用】
7．(高考江蘇卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he________more on its culture.
A．focus B．focused
C．would focus D．had focused
解析：選B。句意：?jiǎn)讨未蛩阏務(wù)摫緡牡乩�，但是我寧愿他把話題多集中于文化上。本題考查虛擬語氣。would rather后加從句，如果表示過去的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，如果表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作則用過去時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。
8.?Will you join us in the game?
?Thank you，________.
A．but why not B．but I’d rather not
C．a(chǎn)nd I won’t D．a(chǎn)nd I’ll join
解析：選B。本題考查情景交際。若同意參加，直接用Thank you就可以了；若不想?yún)⒓�，常用but來解釋原因，因此選擇B項(xiàng)。
⑥ begin with 以……開始
(回歸課本P9) Begin with some information about yourself.
以你自己的一些情況開始。
【歸納總結(jié)】
①The English alphabet begins with ‘A’ and ends with ‘Z’．
英文字母表從A開始，以Z結(jié)束。
②To begin with，it is important to create a positive attitude.
首先，要有一個(gè)積極的態(tài)度，這點(diǎn)很重要。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
9．完成句子
(1)I can’t come.____________， I don’t feel well.Besides，I don’t have much money.
我不能來。首先是因?yàn)樯眢w不舒服，其次我也沒有太多錢。
答案：To begin with
(2)The teacher ____________a joke.
老師上課前先講了個(gè)笑話。
答案：began his lesson with
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 But that’s because I was stupid enough to play football in the rain.(P3)
但那是因?yàn)槲姨盗�，竟然在雨中踢足球�?br>【句法分析】This/That/It is because...為表語從句的常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)。表示“這/那是因?yàn)椤钡囊馑肌?br>That’s why...那是……的原因
That’s how...那是如何……
That is when...那是……的時(shí)候
That is where...那是……的地方
①That’s how he made a living when he stayed in London.
那就是他在倫敦逗留期間如何謀生的。
②That was because World War Ⅱ broke out.
那是因?yàn)槎?zhàn)爆發(fā)了。
③That’s why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.
那是為什么我們看到顏色像彩虹一樣擴(kuò)散開的原因。
④Some people don’t want to get vaccinated，that’s because they think the tests aren’t complete.
一些人不想接種流感疫苗，那是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為相關(guān)的藥物測(cè)試還不健全。
10．(高考江蘇卷)?I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
?That’s__________I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.
A．where B．how
C．when D．what
解析：選A。句意：??每逢周日，我更喜歡整天都待在屋里聽音樂。??那就是我不同意的地方，你應(yīng)該過一種更加積極的生活。本題考查名詞性從句。agree為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能直接加賓語，故排除what ；when表示時(shí)間，how表示方式，where表示具體地點(diǎn)或抽象地點(diǎn)，根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)表語從句。
【即境活用】
11.Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? That’s__________the best jobs are.
A．where B．what
C．when D．why
解析：選A。句意：為什么不去市中心碰碰運(yùn)氣呢，鮑勃？在那個(gè)地方有最好的工作。句中的downtown是地點(diǎn)狀語，where在此引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句，在從句中作狀語。
② 【教材原句】 Go to bed now or you’ll be really tired tomorrow.(P4)
現(xiàn)在上床休息吧，否則明天你會(huì)很累的。
Take more exercise and you’ll get/become really fit.(P4)
多進(jìn)行體育鍛煉，你就會(huì)真正身體健康。
【句法分析】 “祈使句＋and/or＋并列分句”是高考�？季湫�，其特點(diǎn)是祈使句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，并列分句表示結(jié)果。如果條件與結(jié)果一致，連詞用and；如果條件與結(jié)果不一致，連詞用or, otherwise或or else。該句型中的祈使句有時(shí)可以省略為名詞詞組，句子意思基本不變。
①Get up early and you will have time to take exercise.
早上起早點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)有時(shí)間進(jìn)行鍛煉。
②Hurry up，or you’ll be late.＝If you don’t hurry up，you’ll be late.快點(diǎn)，否則你就會(huì)遲到。
③More healthy food ，or you’ll break down early or late.
多吃健康食品，不然你的身體遲早會(huì)垮掉。
12．(高考四川卷)If you have a job, ________yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
A．do devote B．don’t devote
C．devoting D．not devoting
解析：選A。句意：如果你有工作并全身心地投入，那么最終你會(huì)成功的。本題考查祈使句式及動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)。由句意可排除表示否定意義的B、D兩項(xiàng)；再分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知逗號(hào)后和and之前的部分須是完整的句子，C項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞，被排除；A項(xiàng)填入后構(gòu)成了祈使句，do是對(duì)動(dòng)詞原形進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，故A正確。
【即境活用】
13.Follow the road until you come to the post office，________you will find the library around the corner.
A．a(chǎn)nd B．or C．so D．but
解析：選A。本題為“祈使句＋and＋分句”結(jié)構(gòu)，分句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般將來時(shí)。句意：順著馬路走到郵局，你在拐彎處就能看到圖書館。
14.句型轉(zhuǎn)換
(1)If you use your head，you will find a way.
＝_________your head，_________you will find a way.
答案：Use；and
(2)Hurry up，or you’ll be late.
＝Y(jié)ou’ll be late ________ you hurry up.
答案：unless
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