一、重點詞匯
1. fur n. 毛皮，毛，軟毛(a hair-covered skin of certain animals; the soft thick fine hair that covers the bodies of some types of animals) a fur coat皮大衣； a fine fox fur一張好的狐皮。
2. jungle n. 熱帶叢林（a tropical forest too thick to walk through easily）
jungle animals 叢林動物；the jungle of business錯綜復雜的商業(yè)界
3. wolf n. 狼（a wild animal of the dog family which hunts other animals in a group）
a wolf in sheep’s clothing披著羊皮的狼
4. giraffe n. 長頸鹿（an African animal with a very long neck and legs and orange skin with dark spots）
5. tour n.& v. 旅行；旅歷；旅游 (to visit as a tourist; a journey during which several places are visited) make a round-the-world tour 作環(huán)球旅行 go on a tour進行觀光游覽 be on tour在巡回演出 tour the world周游世界
6. act vt. & vi. 扮演；擔當；表演；表現(take part in a play on the stage, behave as stated)
He acted his part well. 他扮演的那個角色很成功。
He acted as host to visitors. 他以主人身份接待來客。
Think before you act! 三思而后行！
Does the drug take long to act? 這藥要很久才能起作用嗎？
7. measure n.
1) 計量單位 (unit, standard or system used in stating size, quantity, or degree; step) A meter is a measure of length.
2) 措施；辦法 They took strong measures against dangerous drivers. 他們對危害公眾的司機采取強硬的措施。
vt, vi 量；測量；計量( to find the size, length, amount, degree, etc)
Mother measured me to see what size of dress I should have.
母親給我量尺寸，好知道我該穿多大號的衣服。
I measured the coat against her and found it was too long.
我把外衣在她身上量了一下，發(fā)覺太長了
8. original adj.最初的；最早的；原始的 (first or earliest)
Who was the original owner of this house? 誰是這座房子最早的主人？
The original owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.這房子本來的主人是威靈頓公爵。
This is the original painting, and these others are copies. 這畫是原作，其他的是復制品。
9. battery n. 電池 (a piece of apparatus for producing electricity, consisting of a group of connected electric cells)
Our bus won't start because the battery is flat.我們的大客車發(fā)動不起來了，因為電池壞了。
10. devote vt. 奉獻將（某人的時間、精力或自己）完全奉獻給某項特別的活動、事業(yè)、目標或某個人(to give or apply (one's time, attention, or self) entirely to a particular activity, pursuit, cause, or person.)
He devoted all his time to his job. 他把他的全部時間都用在工作上了。
This magazine is devoted to science. 這個雜志專門刊載科技文章。
"After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.""退休后,他將要致力于園藝。"
Everybody knows that our director is very devoted to his wife.
人人都知道我們的廠長對妻子十分忠誠。
He devoted a great sum of money to books.他們花了一大筆錢買書。
11. common adj.
1) 共同的；共通的；聯合的；公共的 a common cup 公用杯子
2) 常見的；常有的 Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的國家雪是常見的。
3) 普通的；熟悉的 the common man 普通人
The humorous joke is common property.這個幽默笑話大家都知道。
4) 低俗的；質劣的；粗鄙的
"I don't like him, for he's as common as muck.; He's as common as dirt."
"他這人粗俗不堪,我不喜歡他。"
12. valuable adj. 值錢的；貴重的; 有價值的
a valuable diamond.貴重的寶石; valuable information; valuable advice.重大的消息；重要的建議; a valuable friend. 令人欽佩的朋友
n. [常用復]貴重物品
Mary kept her valuables in a safe.瑪麗把她的貴重東西藏在保險箱里。
13. reduce v. 縮減，減輕減少，如在范圍、數量上或程度上減少；降低(to bring down, as in extent, amount, or degree; diminish)
They've reduced the prices in the shop, so it's a good time to buy.
商店已經降低了商品的價格，看來現在是買東西的好時候。
（與to連用）減少至
The fire reduced the forest to a few trees. 大火把森林燒得僅剩下幾顆樹。
（與to連用）變?yōu)�，化�?to reduce the rocks to dust 把石塊碎成粉末
（與to連用）強迫；迫使 She was reduced to begging. 她被迫乞討。
14. respond v. 回答，答復(to make a reply; answer)
I offered him a drink but he didn't respond. 我請他喝酒，但他未作回答。
15. amount n. 數量 large amounts of money
vi （與to連用） 等于；總計；合計；總計達
Their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars. 他們的旅費共達700 美元。
大量的金錢
His debts amount to over $3000. 他的欠債總數已達三千多美元。
16. package n. 包；包袱；包裹；包裝 (a wrapped or boxed object; a parcel)
Large packages are sometimes left beside the door. 大的包裹有時就放在大門旁邊。
a package of cigarettes 一包香煙
17. harmful adj. 有害的；能造成損害的(causing or capable of causing harm; injurious)
Smoking can be harmful to your health. 吸煙對身體有害。
18. flat adj. 平的；平直的 (smooth and level )
The earth is round, not flat. 地球是圓的，不是平的。
That building has a flat roof. 那座建筑物有一個平頂。
單調的；乏味的
Everything seems so flat since Robert left. 羅伯特走后一切都顯得乏味。
19. material n. 材料，原料事物用或能用其制造的物質 (The substance or substances out of which a thing is or can be made.)
Rubber is a widely used material.橡膠是一種廣泛使用的原料。
20. attractive adj. 有吸引力的(having the power to attract)
The idea is very attractive.那個想法很吸引人。
21. organize v. 組織；構成，組成
Jane organized the party. She asked people to come and bought the food and drinks.
簡組織了這個聚會。她請大家參加，并買了食品和飲料
22. brief adj 短暫的；簡短的 a brief letter 一封短信
To be brief (with you), we can't accept such harsh terms.
簡單地(對你)說,我們不能接受這樣苛刻的條件。
in brief 簡單地說；簡明扼要的 In brief he says 'No' 他簡短地說了一個'不'字。
二、重點詞組
1. in danger處于險境，反義短語為be out of danger。
Real friends should help each other when they are in danger.
真正的朋友應當在危難之時彼此幫助。
The patient has been out of danger. 這個病人已脫離危險。
比較：be dangerous “危險的，有危害的”。
Mum told me t keep away from David who was dangerous.
媽媽讓我遠離大衛(wèi)這個危險人物。
2. die out
1) (of families, species, etc) no longer have any members left alive（指家族、物種等）死滅絕
The habitat of the species is being destroyed and has nearly died out.這一物種因棲息地遭到破壞，幾乎滅絕了。
2) (of a custom, practice, ideas, etc) no longer be common（指習俗、做法、觀念等）消失過時
The old traditions are dying out.舊傳統正在消失。
3) (of a fire) to lose force or power （指火）熄滅
It took a long time before the big fire died out.過了很長一段時間那場大火才漸漸熄滅。
3. as a result 因此; 結果 "As a result, there is often trouble in American families."
"因此,美國家庭中常常會出現麻煩事。"
4. lead to .導致, 通向 The path leads to the village. 這條小路通到那村莊。
5. take measures “采取措施”
The government has taken measures to deal with SARS.政府已采取措施來對付 “非典”。
6. adapt to sth / adapt oneself to sth適應（新環(huán)境等） (become adjusted to new conditions, etc)。例如：
Generally speaking, the species that are able to adapt to the change of the environment
will survive, while the others will die out.一般來說，能夠適應環(huán)境變化的物種會繼續(xù)生存下去；而那些適應性差的物種就滅絕。
When you are abroad, you must find ways to adapt yourself to the culture and custom there.你到國外后，要設法使自己適應那里的文化和風俗習慣。
adapt 改編、改寫
The film Farewell My Concubine was adapted from the novel of the same title by Hong Kong
novelist Li Bihua. 電影《霸王別姬》是根據香港作家李碧華的同名長篇小說改編的。
7. devote （oneself / sth）to（sb / sth）致力于、把……奉獻給、把…..專用于。例如：
He has devoted his whole life to science.他把一身都獻給了科學事業(yè)。
devoted adj.
1) 忠實的，慈愛的，恩愛的
She is a devoted wife and mother.她是位賢妻良母。
2) 獻身……的, 專心于……的, 專用于……的, 熱心的。
The newly married couple living next door to us are devoted to sports.住在我們隔壁的那
對新婚夫婦非常喜歡體育運動。
The magazine is devoted to science.這本雜志專門刊載科技文章。
8. throw away 白白放過；放棄；丟掉
This is your last chance; don’t throw it away.這是你最后的機會了，別失去了。
All his efforts were thrown away.他的一切努力都白廢了。
三、重點句型
1. We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us.
沒有周圍的動物和植物，我們人類就無法生存。
介詞短語without在這里表示假設條件，相當于if there were no plants or animals around us.有時虛擬條件不用從句而用介詞短語來表示。例如：
Without her help, the police couldn’t have succeeded in solving the mystery in such
a short time.如果沒有她的幫助，警察不可能在這么短的時間內破了這個疑案。
But for the storm, we could have arrived here earlier.
要不是那場暴風雨，我們早就到這里了。
We could have done better under more favorable conditions.
在更有利的條件下我們還可以做得更好。
2. If we know more about what causes endangerment, we may be able to take measures
before it is too late.如果我們能更多地了解致使生物瀕危的原因，就能及時采取補救措施。
before 趁…..（還沒有）。例如：
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.
他們正在考慮趁房價未漲時把房子買下來。
If you don’t like the present job, I suggest you look for another one before it is
too late.
如果你不喜歡目前的工作，我建議你趁早另謀出路。
3. A species can become endangered for different reasons.物種瀕臨危險有各種原因。
endanger危害、危及（某人/某事物）；使遭到危險 (cause danger to sb / sth; put sb /sth in danger)。例如：
The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the people.
城市中被污染的空氣嚴重地危及人民的健康。
Drunk-driving can not only cause traffic accidents, but also endanger the lives of
pedestrians. 酒后駕車不僅會造成交通事故，而且會危害到行人的生命。
第一階梯
直接引語變間接引語練習題
1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.
→He ______ me _____ the window.
A. said to; to close B. told to; closing
C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close
4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.
A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher
C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He _____- very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was
B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was
D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.
→She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you
B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”
→He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______.
A. how am I getting along
B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along
D. how was I getting along
9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
答案與簡析：
1. D 賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
2. D 一般疑問句要變成whether或if引導的賓語從句.
3. C 直接引語為祈使句, 變間接引語時, 主句中的謂語動詞往往根據直接引語的口氣換用ask (請求), tell (告訴), order (命令), invite (邀請), warn (警告), advise (建議)等, 而直接引語中的謂語動詞要變成動詞不等式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. (not) to do sth.
4. D直接引語為陳述句, 變間接引語時用that引導(口語中常省略)。
5. C
6. B反意疑問句要變成whether或if引導的賓語從句。
7. C 選擇疑問句要變成whether或if引導的賓語從句。
8. C直接引語為特殊疑問句, 變間接引語時, 用特殊疑問詞引導, 并將疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。
9. D注意時態(tài)的一致。What作主語，the matter（=wrong）作表語。
10. D 參看3。
第二階梯
閱讀下列句子，判斷正確與錯誤，并將錯句改正：
1. He has devoted all his life to protect the rare animal, South China tiger.
2. The number of the milu deer have grown year by year.
3. Many of the rare animals and plants are now in the danger.
4. Do you prefer living in the wild to live in the zoo?
5. In fact, nature is far better for recycling than we humans are.
6. The good news is that it is a lot we can do to help.
7. He is not used to live in the big city.
8. The animal has adapted to their new environment.
9. We should take measures to protect our environment.
10. Many the earth’s plants and animals have already died out.
答案與簡析：
1. protect改為 protecting, to 為介詞, 后加動名詞。
2. have 改為has，主語the number，謂語用單數。
3. 去the in danger為固定短語。
4. live 改為living，to 為介詞, 后加動名詞。
5. for改為 at better at 為固定短語。
6. it改為there， 從句為there be句型。
7. live 改為living，to 為介詞, 后加動名詞。
8. their改為 its，代詞應與主語The animal保持一致。
9. right
10. Many后加 of。
第三階梯
書面表達
假如你是班長，為組織同學展覽向全班作口頭通知，主要內容如下：
1. 展覽名稱及簡介：
“大自然的教訓”，展覽生動而富有教育意義。 它以大量的生物圖片告誡人們保持生態(tài)平衡的重
要性。
2. 時間與地點： 星期五下午二點半，少年宮。
3. 有關事宜： 凡去參觀的同學， 今天下午在班長處預定門票，票價5角并準備好錢。
4. 字數： 100字左右。
參考答案:
Dear classmates,
May I have your attention, please? There will be an exhibition at the Children’s Palace.
We are going to visit it at 2:30 this afternoon.
The exhibition is called “A lesson from Nature”. It is not only interesting but also
instructive. There are a great many pictures on the exhibition. The pictures warn us how
important it is to keep the balance of nature.
Those who want to go and visit it please let me know and place an order for the tickets.
Each ticket is five jiao. By the way, get your money ready.
That’s all. Thank you.
五、習題解答
閱讀課文, 完成下面短文, 每空一詞
At present, many of the earth’s species have d___1____ out, and others are e__2_____.
Animals and plants must have a c____3____ and clean habitat, w____4____ there is enough food and other resources. When the environment is changed or d___5___, they have to either
a__6_____ to the change or find a new home. When a new species is too strong, some o___7___ species may be in danger. Without all the living things around us, we human beings could not s___8___. Therefore we should take m____9___ to keep animals and plants f__10_____ becoming
endangered.
答案：
1. died 2. endangered 3. comfortable 4. where 5. destroyed 6. adapt 7. original
8. survive 9. measures 10. from
自測題
I. 單項選擇
1. What _____ her _____ us?
A. stopped, to join in B. kept, joining
C. kept, from joining D. prevented, joining in
2. I have _____ after supper.
A. used to talk B. get used to walking
C. been used to walk D. used to walking
3. _____ I didn’t like the book but now I do.
A. At first B. First of all
C. For the first time D. First
4. _____ I could see clearly, he had cleaned the blackboard.
A. Before B. Until C. After D. As
5. Our maths teacher is a simple man, who doesn’t _____ his clothes.
A. take care of B. care about C. care for D. look after
6. Is _____ necessary to tell his parents everything?
A. that B. what C. it D. this
7. At present, he is _____ of losing his job.
A. dangerous B. in the danger C. out of the danger D. in danger
8. Will what you said _____ to her?
A. to make any difference B. to make any differences
C. make any difference D. make any differences
9. In America, he had to adapt himself _____ their customs and habits.
A. with B. to C. or D. by
10. We all like Miss Gao because she knows more _____ us.
A. of B. X C. about D. from
11. Either you or I _____ going to do the work.
A. am B. is C. are D. will be
12. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
13. Many doctors and nurses are devoting themselves to _____ SARS.
A. fighting against B. fight against C. be fighting against D. fight with
14. I did _____ I could _____ the blind child.
A. that, take care of B. what, to take care of
C. all, take care of D. everything, take care of
15. _____ of farmland has been used for building.
A. A large number B. A large amount C. The amount D. The number
II. 完形填空
We often hear people saying that the world is getting smaller. They do not (1) mean that
the world is getting smaller,(2).What they mean is that with (3) means of transport, we can now (4) every part of the world very (5).We can cross from New York to Paris in (6) than hours on a plane, and helicopters can now be used to explore (探索) mountains and valleys that were (7) to explore on foot. There used to be a time when many (8) of the world had never been seen or visited by foreigners. The great forest in Brazil is so (9) that in some places it is (10) to walk through them. Mt.Jolmo Lungma, the world's highest mountain was for (11) thought to be too dangerous (12) .But in 1953 a New Zealander called Edmurd Hillary with his Nepalese (13),Tenzing reached the top of Mt.Jolmo Lungma, and now (14) huge machines ,roads are being cut through the forest of Brazil.(15) there was a time when the world was very small. Two thousand and three hundred years ago the Egyptians and the Greeks thought that the world (16) as it does on this old map. They thought the world was flat and that (17) it was the ocean. Then man began to use ships to explore the world. They found that (18) they sailed further away from their home continents, the world became (19).And they (20) new countries and continents that they did not (21).As they built bigger and bigger (22),they were able to sail further and further away. So they have to make new (23) to show the countries they found. Today there are (24) undiscovered countries left to be put on the map, but there are many new worlds to discover out in (25).
( ) 1. A. surely B. really C. commonly D. clearly
( ) 2.A.of course B. for example C. in fact D. in all
( ) 3.A.strange B. expensive C. old D. modern
( ) 4.A.see B. know C. reach D. call
( ) 5.A.quickly B. slowly C. directly D. freely
( ) 6.A.more B. less C. faster D. longer
( ) 7.A.pleasant B. necessary C. painful D. difficult
( ) 8.A.continents B. countries C. parts D. oceans
( ) 9.A.far B. thick C. many D. tall
( ) 10.A.impossible B. easy C. no use D. harmful
( ) 11.A.the first time B. many times
C. the time being D. a long time
( ) 12.A.to stay at B. staying at C. to climb D. climbing
( ) 13.A.guide B. teacher C. leader D. researcher
( ) 14.A.for B. from C. with D. without
( ) 15.A.So B. But C. For D. On
( ) 16.A.watched B. remained C. felt D. looked
( ) 17.A.around B. between C. among D. in
( ) 18.A.since B. before C. because D. as
( ) 19.A.smaller B. bigger C. richer D. more beautiful
( ) 20.A.developed B. built C. discovered D. ruled
( ) 21.A.ask for B. know about
C. belong to D. think about
( ) 22.A.buses B. machines C. cars D. ships
( ) 23.A.maps B. signs C. places D. paintings
( ) 24.A.many B. a few C. no D. any
( ) 25.A.the distance B. no time C. space D. sight
III. 閱讀理解
A.
Americans use more water than any other people in the world. If we continue to use water at the rate we do now, we will soon not have enough to meet our needs. In 1980, 40 billion gallons were used each day in the United States. In 1990, 700 billion gallons were used. The average Americans uses almost 90 gallons of water a day for personal use. And much move water is needed to make the things American people like to have. For example, it takes thousands of gallons of water to make one pound of beef for the dinner table. It takes more than 100, 000 gallons of water to make a car. If we include these uses of water, the average American uses about 2000 gallons of water a day.
1. The best title for the passage is _____.
A. Water Use in the United States
B. The Problem of Water Use
C. Water Use in the World
D. Water Use in the Twentieth Century
2. It takes _____ water to make a car than to make one pound beef.
A. much B. more C. less D. fewer
3. Americans used _____ gallons of water each day in 1990.
A. 40 billion B. 90 billion
C. 700 billion D. 200 billion
4. Which is not true according to the passage?_____
A. Americans may run short of water in the future.
B. Americans use more water than ever.
C. Americans use as much water as they used to.
D. The more things Americans like to have, the more water is needed.
5. What is the author’s opinion?_____
A. Americans don’t have enough water.
B. Americans don’t use enough water.
C. Americans like to use water.
D. Americans use too much water.
B. Air Pollution
Air pollution is caused by many things. Great clouds of smoke come from factories. Cars send smoke and fumes (煙、廢氣) into the air .Burning waste fills the air with bits of dirt. Even burning leaves add smoke to the air. Sometimes, planes cannot find their landing spots through smoke. Smoke of all kinds is bad to breathe and can do great harm to the body.
Still, we cannot live without air. We must find a way to clean the air we have.
In time, we may have factories that are run by atomic energy (原子能).Our cars may run on smoke-free electric power (無煙的電能).Scientists are also working on new ways to help the oil burned by cars from making fumes. Waste may be burned in the sand on ocean floors.
These changes might keep our air clean in the years to come. But until then, many
scientists are looking for ways to make air cleaner now.
6.On the whole, this passage is about____.
A. dirty air B. electric power
C. atomic energy D. burning waste
7.Air pollution is caused by____.
A. factories and clouds B. cars and oil
C. smoke and fumes D. waste burned on ocean floors
8.The story does not say so, but it makes you think that .
A. stopping air pollution is hard
B. dirty air is blown away by the wind
C. planes cannot fly through smoke
D. it is impossible to make dirty air cleaner
9.Scientists are now working on ways to____.
A. keep planes from flying
B. bury sand on ocean floors
C. stop air pollution
D. burn leaves without smoke
10.Why would electric cars cut down on air pollution?
A. They go only a short way.
B. They are easier to keep clean.
C. Electric power has no smoke.
D. Electric cars need no energy.
IV. 書面表達
認真閱讀下列對話，請轉述父子談話的主要內容，要求不要句對句的重復，只要把主要意思表達出來
即可。
Tom: Good morning, Dad. Would you mind helping me?
Mr. Black: What’s it, Tom?
Tom: Could you lend me five pounds?
Mr. Black: That seems a lot. What do you want so much money for?
Tom: Tomorrow is Jane’s birthday and she is having a party, I’ll have to get a new shirt and tie.
Mr. Black: But I gave you some money last week. Have you already spent it?
Tom: No, but I need it to buy a present for Jane. I’m her boyfriend. I have to look handsome.
Mr. Black: I don’t think girls worry about things like that any more. When will you pay me back?
Tom: As soon as I can, Dad. Next month, perhaps.
Mr. Black: Next year is more likely. Oh, well, here you are.
自測題答案：
I. 1?5 CBAAB 6?10 CDCBC 11?15 ADA BB
II.1?5 BADCA 6?10 BDCBA 11?15 DCACB
16?20 DADBD 21?25 BDACC
III. 1?5 ABACD 6?10 ACACC
IV.
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相關閱讀：Unit 12 Art and literature教學案