學(xué)習(xí)知識清單：
對于要學(xué)的知識做到心中有底，這樣才能更好的安排自己的學(xué)習(xí)步驟和學(xué)習(xí)時間，愿知識清單能夠更好的幫助你進(jìn)行自主學(xué)習(xí)！
我們將要熟悉的話題：
American English British English standard English 我們將要掌握的詞匯及詞組：
elevator petrol gas official voyage native apartment actually AD base gradual vocabulary spelling latter identity fluent fluently Singapore Malaysia frequent frequently usage command request expression midwestern African Spanish eastern southeastern northwestern recognize lorry Houston Texas accent catfish lightning Straight block cab Because of come up at present make use of such as play a part in 我們將要運(yùn)用的語言功能：
1. 命令和請求( command and request) Correct your spelling mistakes. Would you please speak more slowly? 2.語言交際困難（Difficulties in language communication） Pardon? I beg your pardon ? I don’t understand Could you say that again, please? Sorry I can’t follow you. Could you repeat that, please? How do you spell it, please? 3. 感謝（thanks） Thanks so much 我們將要學(xué)習(xí)的語法知識：
直接引語和間接引語(2): 祈使句和感嘆句 1. 祈使句 “Please sit down and have a rest ."??She asked us to sit down and have a rest. 2.感嘆句 He said ,“What a lovely day it is !” ??He said what a lovely day it was.(或He said that it was a lovely day.)
Warming up and Reading
課前自主預(yù)習(xí)方案
I. 重點(diǎn)單詞 (能花十分鐘把I和 II兩部分的單詞和詞組在課本中查出來并寫上嗎？相信自己能夠做到！查完了別忘了讀一讀記一記哦~~) 1. (n)電梯；升降機(jī)（同義詞） 2. （n）（英）汽油 （同義詞） 3.________(adj.)官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的； (n)辦公室 （n.）政府官員 4. ________ (n) 航行；航海 5. ________( adj.)本國的;本地的 （n.)本地人；本國人 _______ 6. _________ (n)（美）公寓; （同義詞） _______
7. _________ (adj.)逐漸的; ________ (adv.)
8. __________（adj.）實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上__________（adv）
9. __________（adj.）流利的；流暢的（adv）__________
10.________( adj.)頻繁的；常見的（adv）__________
II. 重點(diǎn)短語
1. more __________one kind 不止一種
2. _____the world 全世界
3. _______ some important ways 在一些重要方面
4. a large number_______ 大量的，許多的
5. _______ fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
6. because _______ 因?yàn)椋挥捎?br>7. come_______ 走近；上來；提出
8. ________ present 現(xiàn)在；目前
9. Make use________ 利用；
10.such ________ 例如；像這種的
III. 語篇導(dǎo)讀
1） 閱讀The Road to Modern English, 然后完成下面的表格。(這是細(xì)節(jié)題，人人可以做到，不信試試看啊，試著在5分鐘之內(nèi)完成，你就很棒了！)
Time
Facts
between AD 450 and 1150
English was _ 1__ English spoken today.
between about AD 800 and 1150.
English became less like _ 2 _.
In the 1600's
Shakespeare made use of _3_ than before.
In the 18th century
__4 _ people brought English to __5 _.
From 1765 to 1947
English became the language for __6 _ in India.
today
More people speak English than ever before. The number of people __7 _ in China __8 _rapidly.
2) 挑戰(zhàn)自我 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容將下面短文補(bǔ)充完整。(這題是拔高題，考你的記憶能力、理解能力，試著在10分鐘之內(nèi)讀完課文然后關(guān)書填空，挑戰(zhàn)一下自我��！) English is a ___1____spoken all around the world. For more than 375 million people in countries __2___ ____3__the United Kingdom and the United States. English is their ___4____language .Another 375 million people learn English as a second language.___5_____,most people learn English at school as a foreign language. The English language is also ____6___by most international organizations as their working language,as well as in international trade and tourism. Most foreigners visiting __7___are either businessmen or tourists.If their __8__ speak Chinese ,they use English to communicate with Chinese people.In global（全世界的) culture, for____9____,the Internet or popular music,English is widely used. In the homes,we will be speaking Chinese with our family,but we will be _10____ English with people around the world for our work.
課堂自主學(xué)習(xí)方案
要點(diǎn)探究
I. 詞匯知識
1、voyage n [C]航行，航海
①Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that , English began to be spoken in many other countries. 在17世紀(jì)英國人開始往世界其他地區(qū)遷移。于是，許多的別國家開始說英語。
潛心辨析：voyage/journey/travel/tour/trip
voyage指乘船作水上旅行，也可指空中旅行。 journey范圍較廣，指有預(yù)定地點(diǎn)的水陸空單程長、短途旅行，其中著重指長距離陸上旅行。 travel 常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。泛指旅行各地，表示旅行路途遠(yuǎn)，時間長。可作動詞。 trip 一般用語，指任何方式，業(yè)務(wù)或游覽旅行，著重于短途，口語中可與journey互換。 Tour 指以游覽、視察、購物等目的的旅行，含有回到原出發(fā)點(diǎn)的意思。
小試牛刀：
②He decided to make _______________________. 他決定乘飛機(jī)去紐約旅行。
③He got seasick _________________________. 在航行中他暈船了。
④He is going to make a round-the-world tour.他要周游世界。
⑤The travels of Marco polo is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.
《馬可波羅游記》是我讀過的最有趣的書。 ⑥This trip was cancelled because of the snowstorm.由于暴風(fēng)雪，行程取消了。
2、because of 因?yàn)�；由�?br>①I was wet because of the rain. 因?yàn)橄掠�，我的衣服都濕了�?br> ②We won the game because of his participation. 由于他的參與，我們贏了比賽。
潛心辨析：because of/because
Because of 是復(fù)合介詞，表原因，意為“因?yàn)椤保蠼用~、代詞、動名詞、名詞性從句，在句中作狀語。 Because 是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表主句根本原因。 表原因的短語還有due to，owing to，thanks to，on account of，as a result of 等。Due to 不用于句首。
③All of this is___ you. 這所有的一切都是因?yàn)槟恪?br>④They hurried on ___ it was getting dark.因?yàn)樘焐淹恚麄兇掖亿s路。
小試牛刀：
⑤My success is due to your help.我的成功是由于你的幫助。
6___his effort ,it is more successful than we have expected.
多虧他的努力，事情取得了比我們預(yù)期更大的成功。
3、come up 靠近，接近，上來，發(fā)生，升起，長出地面，發(fā)芽
①I'd like to come up to your apartment. 我想到你得公寓坐坐。
②The snowdrops are just beginning to come up. 雪蓮花剛長出地面。
③I'm afraid something urgent ___;I won't be able to see you tonight.
我很抱歉今晚有急事，不能見你了。
潛心辨析：come up/come up with
come up 被提出，其主語是被提出的內(nèi)容，無被動語態(tài)。 come up with 提出，主語是提出者，賓語是被提出的內(nèi)容。 come to 總計(jì)，達(dá)到 come on加油，(催促）快點(diǎn)來吧 come along 過來，快點(diǎn) come out 暴露，出版 come about 發(fā)生，造成 come across 碰見，（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn)
小試牛刀：
④Come on. Let's get some sleep.走，咱們睡覺去
⑤She ___some old photographs in a drawer.她在抽屜里偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一些舊照片。
4、actually adv. 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上（=in fact）
①Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other . 事實(shí)上不同的文化交流滲透時，所有語言都會變化發(fā)展。
②Believe it or not，he actually won. 信不信由你，他真贏了。
③The tree looks high and strong but ___ its trunk is hollow .
這棵樹看上去又高又壯，實(shí)際上樹干是空的。
5、be based on/upon 以 … 為根據(jù)。
其主動形式為 based on/upon 以某事物作為另一事物的根據(jù)。
①It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
當(dāng)時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說的不是。
②This news report ___.這篇報(bào)道完全是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。
③The film ___a novel by Lu Xun. 這部電影以魯迅的小說為藍(lán)本。
④There is a hole in the base of container.容器底部有個洞。
⑤That company has offices all over the world，but their base is in Paris.
那家公司的辦事處遍布全球，但其總部在巴黎。
6、at present 目前，現(xiàn)在
①At present，he is on holiday. 目前，他正在度假。
②He is free at present，and you can go to him for advice.他現(xiàn)在有空，你可以向他咨詢。
思維拓展：
Present sth. to sb. = present sb.with sth. 把某物贈給某人 Present作前置定語意為“現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)前的”；作后置定語意為“出席，到場的”。 ③Thirty guests ___ at the ceremony. 30位客人出席了這次典禮。
④There are twenty children present.在坐的有20個孩子。
5The children ___ flowers ___ their teacher.孩子們獻(xiàn)花給老師。
7、make use of 利用；使用
①So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 到十七世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比任何時候都大。
②We must ___________ to study. 我們必須利用每一分鐘去學(xué)習(xí)。
3You can make any use of it as you like. 這個你隨便用。
思維拓展：看看還有哪些跟make use of相關(guān)的詞組
make good use of 好好利用 make the best use of 善用，充分利用 make full use of 充分利用 make the most use of 盡量利用 make use of 中use 常用作先行詞，make of 放在后面坐use 的定語。 小試牛刀：
④We should encourage him to ___________ his talent.
我們應(yīng)該鼓勵他充分發(fā)揮他的才能。
8、latter adj.后半的，（兩者中）后者的
①The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
后者體現(xiàn)了美式英語的不同特色。
②Jane and Mary are good friends；the former is a teacher，and the latter is a nurse.
簡和瑪麗是好友，前者是老師，后者是護(hù)士。
③Of the two ，______is better than __________ .兩者中，后者比前者更佳。
9、such as 例如；像這樣的
①English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡、馬來西亞及一些非洲國家，如南非，人們也說英語。
②Children like sweet foods such as chocolate.孩子們喜歡巧克力之類的甜食。
③No one trusts ___a man ___ him.沒人相信他那樣的人。
潛心辨析：such as/for example/that is
1. such as 用于列舉事物時放在所列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，且直接跟列舉事物，無需逗號，它所列舉事物不能等同于前面所提事物總和。 2. for example 主要用于舉例說明，其位置靈活，可位于句首，句中，句末，前后多用逗號隔開。 3. that is相當(dāng)于namely ，意為“即”，它所列舉事物總量等于前面所提到事物總和。 小試牛刀：
④He has been to many countries _____________Singapore，Canada and Australia.
他去了很多國家，比如新加坡，加拿大和美國。
⑤There are similar words in many language，______，in French and Italian.
在很多語言中有類似的詞，例如法語和意大利語。
6My daughter chose two subjects on Sunday，that is，Chinese dancing and piano. 我女兒周日選修了兩門課程，即中國舞蹈和鋼琴。
難句剖析
1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? 你知道世界上不只有一種英語嗎？
More than 在本句中意為“超過，多于”后常接表示數(shù)目的名詞，相當(dāng)于over。
①I’ve known David for more than 20 years 我認(rèn)識戴維二十多年了。
思維拓展：
more than one 后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，盡管在概念上表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，但它作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)�！癿ore than＋名詞”表示“多于，不僅僅”；“more than＋形容詞”相當(dāng)于“很，非�！保弧皀ot more than意為“最多” “至多”，相當(dāng)于at the most；not more than意為“不如，更”，表示的是一種比較。No more than 意為“僅僅”“只有”，相當(dāng)于only；no more than意為“和……一樣都不”，表示對兩者同時否定。 ‘ ②China Daily is___________________a paper，It helps us to improve our English 中國日報(bào)不僅僅是一份報(bào)紙，它還幫助我們提高英語。
③All his income adds up to _________________（僅僅）500 yuan a month。
2. In some important ways they are very different from one another。在一些重要方面，他們彼此差別很大。
way n路線；方法；途徑
way 是可數(shù)名詞，單數(shù)形式可加a 或其它跟定詞，亦可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“在…方面；以…方式”，常用介詞in。
① only in this way can you work out the problem。 只有使用這種方法你才能解決問題。
歸納總結(jié)：
in the way 擋道 in a way 某種程度上
in on way 絕不 by way of 途徑 by the way 順帶一提
way后接定語時有3種方式：
1、 way to do sth
2、 way of doing sth
3、 way＋that／in which／省略＋clause（關(guān)系詞都分在定語從句中作狀語）
小試牛刀：
②__________________（順便問一下），where has he gone？
③I will buy some bread___________________（在回家的路上）。
3．Why not go by underground？ 為什么不坐地鐵去呢？
Why not do ？是個常用句型，用來提建議，意為 “為什么不?”
思考：what about？和how about？也用于提建議，它之后的動詞是什么形式？
小試牛刀：How about ____________？我們?nèi)ビ斡驹鯓樱?br>4．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English 以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。
句中even if是個連詞短語，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，含義是“即使，盡管”。讓步狀語從句的動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來假設(shè)。Even if 相當(dāng)于even though，兩者意思一樣，用法相同。
潛心辨析：even if／though與as if／though
前者引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“即使”，“盡管”；后者引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“仿佛”“好像”。
1I can still remember，_______________it was so long ago
2It seems______________our team is going to win
5. 1For example，India has a very large number of fluent English speakers
2China may have the largest number of English learners
潛心辨析：a number of/the number of
1、a number of 意為“一些，若干”，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，作主語時謂語動詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Number前可用large，great等詞修飾。
2、the number of 意為“～的數(shù)量”中心詞是number，作主語時謂語動詞須用單數(shù)形式。
小試牛刀：
1____________students in our school _____________from the countryside
我們學(xué)校很多學(xué)生來自鄉(xiāng)下。
2__________cars ____________increasing in our country
我國汽車數(shù)在增加。
6. Only time will tell 只好由時間作答了。
該句是一個省略句，完整句是：Only time will tell whether Chinese English develops its own identity，為避免與上句重復(fù)而省略tell后的賓語從句。
Will Jack be able to return home ？Only time will tell 杰克能否回到家鄉(xiāng)，只能由時間回答了。
課后自主反思與測評
課后自主反思
同學(xué)們，經(jīng)過了課前自主預(yù)習(xí)和課堂自主學(xué)習(xí)之后，相信你一定有了一些收獲吧，是掌握了必須學(xué)習(xí)的知識點(diǎn)? 或是掌握了一些學(xué)習(xí)上的技巧與方法? 或者還有什么有待改進(jìn)的地方？在下面動筆寫寫吧，善于總結(jié)的學(xué)生才是會學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生！
⑴這一階段我學(xué)會了這樣一些語言知識：
單詞和詞組：____________________________________________________________
語法點(diǎn)： ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _ _
⑵這一階段我突破了這樣一些重難點(diǎn)：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _ ⑶這一階段我覺得還需要提高的是：
課后自主測評
C級測評：（高樓大廈平地起，你能很踏實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識，很好！請?jiān)?分鐘內(nèi)完成）
I. 單詞拼寫
1. The ship sank on its long _______(航行).
2. He had lost his ____(身份) card and was being questioned by the police.
3. The President was leaving for a four-day _____ (正式的) visit to Mexico
4. _______(事實(shí)上), on second thoughts, I don’t think I will go out with him.
5. Do you want to take the _____(電梯) or use the stairs?
6. In America a flat is called an ________(公寓)
7. You can use your _______(橡皮) to remove pencil marks.
8. She speaks _______ （流利的) though not very correct French.
9.There has been a _______(逐漸的) change in climate.
10. Celebrations are planned for the _____(較后面的) part of November.
II.用所給短語的正確形式填空
be based on; at present; because of; because; in some ways;
such as; make use of; more than; come up; fluently
1. She can speak Italian_____.
2. This film ___ a novel by D.H.Lawrence
3. I decided to go with them, mainly ____ I had nothing better to do.
4. It is partly ___ her sick mother that she hasn’t taken the job abroad.
5. I’m sorry he’s out______.
6. You can ____ your talents to become rich as well.
7. I know many of them, _____John, Peter, and Tom.
8. He rang to say he would be late home--something ____ at the office .
9._____a quarter of the students never finished their courses’
10. As you see, we look the same_________.
B級測評：
（學(xué)貴在用，你能運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識，又向前跨了一步！如果能在15分鐘內(nèi)完成就更好了）
I.單項(xiàng)填空 1. I will never speak to anyone like that _______ they say something unpleasant to me.
A.because B.as if C.even if D. since
2.A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China______.
A.such as B.for example C.namely D.and so on
3.He looks honest, but _______ he often tells lies.
A．in a fact B. in an actual fact C.as matter of fact D.actually
4.You type mostly anything into the space provided on Google and in a second it ______ with thousands of references.
A.catches up B.comes up C.ends up D.puts up
5.Time made a ______ to the Great Wall during the summer holiday.
A.voyage B.trip C.journey D.tour
6.The world market price of coal is _______ relatively low ,but it is certain to change in the future.
A..at present B..at the present C.in present D.in the present
7.We should consider what use can be made _________ such a material ..
A.of B.from C.up D.in
8.Many questions ______ at the meeting, but he answered none.
A.raised B.were risen C.came up D.asked
9.More than one _______ the people heart and soul.
A.official has served B.officials have served
C.official has served for D.officials have served for
10.China Daily is _______ a paper. It helps to improve our English.
A.more than B.no more than C.not more than D.no more
11.Almost everybody present felt unhappy______What he had said.
A.as B.because C.because of D.since
12.Ever minute_______ spoken English.
A.was made use of to practise B.was made use of practising
C..was made use of to practise D. was made use to practise
13.They keep horses and cattle, the former for riding, _______ for food.
A.latter B.the latter C.later D.the later
14.I used to earn ____ than a pound a week when I first started work
A.a little B.a few C.fewer D.less
15.When the thief found the police had already ______him. He ran away quickly.
A.realized B.known C.recognized D.stared
II.閱讀理解 How to say hello in Japanese depends on when you say it. This is very much like different greetings used in English at different times of the day or night. In Japanese culture, it also depends on whether you are on the phone or meeting somebody or whether you are close to the person you are greeting. We don’t get formal with our close friends. We seldom greet them with “Good morning “ or “Good evening”. A “Hi” is enough.
Although the most popular and most well-known translation for “Hello” is still “Konnichiwa”, it is not exactly how to say hello in Japanese. Perhaps it is not the most suitable word for it. Actually, the correct greeting in English for “Konnichiwa” is “Good day” or “Good noon,” and I am sure you wouldn’t like greeting people with a “Good day” at any time, and neither do Japanese like saying “Konnichiwa” when they want to say “Hello”.
So what to do? Let’s do it the way the Japanese do. Use “Ohaiyo Gozaimasu” for “Good morning”, “Konnichiwa” when it’s noon and “Konbanwa” to greet somebody in the afternoon. Things differ when you are on the phone. Just say “Moshi, Moshi”, which is actually similar to saying “Hello” over the phone, because one hardly ever uses “Good morning” or “Good evening” right after picking up the phone. It is invariably the sweet old “Hello”.
Next time, I’ll tell something about my life in a Japan.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
A. How to say hello in Japanese. B. How to greet close friends in Japanese.
C.How to greet people in Japanese. D.Some difference between English and Japanese.
2. Japanese people greet each other by saying“______”in the afternoon.
A.Moshi,Moshi B.Konnichiwa C.Ohaiyo Gozaimasu D.Konbanwa
3. In the writer’s opinion,______.
A.Japanese culture is similar to American culture
B.Japanese people don’t like using “Konnichiwa” as a greeting for the whole day.
C. people don’t need to be police to their close friends
D.Japanese people are very friendly to each other
4. What does the Underlined word “invariably” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Probably B.Always C.Sometimes D.Likely
5. We can learn from the passage that the writer_______.
A.is from Britain B.lived in Japan for some time
C.is working in a radio station now D.knows both Japanese and Chinese
A級測評：
(你很了不起！能夠選擇做A級測評題，因?yàn)檫@是一部分拔高題。如果能夠在5分鐘完成就更好了！)
完成句子，根據(jù)漢語意思用上括號中所給的單詞完成句子。
1.--Have you __________________(想出了一些好的主意)?(come)
2.The English spoken in the the United States is slightly _________________.( 以英國講的英語不一樣 ) ( different ).
3.?Sorry ,I made a mistake again.
?_________（沒關(guān)系）Practice more and _____________________( 就會成功 )(mind; succeed)
4.The open-air celebration has been put off_____________( 由于壞天氣 )(because of)
5.The____________________（他臉上的表情）told me that he was angry.(expression)
成果展示
Learning about language
課前自主預(yù)習(xí)方案
認(rèn)真閱讀教材，花十分鐘完成下列練習(xí) I.重點(diǎn)單詞 1.___________(v.)使用；用法)___________(n.) 2.___________(v&.n)命令，掌握 ___________指揮員，司令員(n.) 3.___________(n.)詞匯；詞表；量詞匯 4.___________(v.)辨認(rèn)出 ____________(過去式)_____________(過去分詞) 5.___________(n& vt.)請求；要求 II.重點(diǎn)短語 1. instead__________ 代替……；而不是 2. _________ the playground 在操場上 3. _________ the phone 在電話里；通過電話 4. find__________ 找出；查明 5. _________the team 在隊(duì)里 III.語法練習(xí) （將下列句子由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，由間接引語變?yōu)橹苯右Z） 1. The teacher said to Li Ping,“Turn off your recorder.” ___________________________________________ 2. He said to me, “Don’t call me Mr. Smith again.” ___________________________________________ 3. The commander ordered his solider, “Put up your hands”. ___________________________________________ 4. John asked Rose, “Will you hand me the dictionary, Rose?” ________________________________ ___
課堂自主學(xué)習(xí)方案
I. 要點(diǎn)探究
1. Can you find the following command and request from Reading?你能從“閱讀”中找到下列命令和要求嗎？
（1） command n&vt 命令；指令；手掌
Fire when I give the command.我一下命令就開火。
The troop was under his command.那只部隊(duì)由他指揮。
He has a good command of English.他精通英語。
The teacher commanded him to go out the the classroom.=（The teacher commanded that he should go out of the classroom.）老師命令他離開教室。
思維拓展：
under one’s command 由某人指揮
give a command 下命令
carry out a command 執(zhí)行命令
have a good command …精通
command sb. to do命令某人做
注意：command 后面的表語從句或同位語從句中謂語動詞用“(should )、動詞原形”
(2)request n&vt 請求；要求
Finally they had to make a request for help.最后 他們只好請求幫助。
He went there by request /at their request.他應(yīng)邀前衛(wèi)往。
Visitors are requested not to smoke here.參觀者請勿在此吸煙。
They requested that help(should ) be sent at once.他們請求立即施以援助。
思維拓展：
make a request for sth請求得到某物
at one’s request 應(yīng)某人的請求
be request應(yīng)請求；應(yīng)邀
request sth.(of /from sb.)（向某人）請求得到某物
request sb to do sth.請求某人做某事
注意：request 后面跟從句時，從句中的謂語用“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，should 可以省略。
II. 語法突破
直接引語和間接引語(II)
1. 當(dāng)祈使句作直接引語表示要求和命令時，變間接引語時常采用 tell/order/command sb.to sth.的形式。
“Hurry up,”he said. He told me to hurry up.
He said to them,“Don’t go out.” He ordered them not to go out.
注意：若直接引語中祈使句是否定形式, 變間接引語時,不定式符號to 前要加 not或never。
2.當(dāng)祈使句作直接變間接引語表示請求時，變間接引語時常采用request/beg/ ask sb. to do sth.的形式。祈使句中的please 在間接引語中必須省去。
“Please don’t be late,”he said.
He asked me not to be late.
He said,“Sit down,please.”
He asked me to sit down.
3.有些疑問句并非提出詢問，而是表示請求或祈求，這種問句變間接引語時常采用ask/beg/request sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。
He asked.“Can you give me a lift?”
He asked me to give him a lift.
“Would you (please) help me with my English ?”he asked.
He asked me to help him with his English.
4. 有些表建議、要求或勸告的祈使句變間接引語時，可以用suggest, insist, offer等動詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述，此時要注意這些詞的固定搭配。例如：
He said, “Let’s go to the museum.”
He suggested that we (should) go to the museum.
He advised me to take a rest first.
“What about having a drink ?” he said.
He suggested having a drink.
5.直接變間接引語是感嘆句時，間接引語可以用what 或how引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。例如：She said,”What a lovely day it is!”
She said what a lovely day it was.( 或 She said that it was a lovely day.)
總結(jié)：
將一個祈使句由直接引語變成間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上 tell, ask,order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定的前面加 not或 never。
成果展示
課后自主反思與測評
課后自主反思
同學(xué)們，這一課時主要內(nèi)容是語法知識，經(jīng)過了課前自主預(yù)習(xí)和課堂自主學(xué)習(xí)之后，相信你一定有了一些收獲吧， 或者還有什么有待改進(jìn)的地方？在下面動筆寫寫吧，善于總結(jié)的學(xué)生才是會學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生！
⑴這一階段我學(xué)會了這樣一些語言知識：
單詞和詞組：____________________________________________________________
_
語法點(diǎn)：______________________________________________________________________ _ _
⑵這一階段我突破了這樣一些重難點(diǎn)：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _ ⑶這一階段我覺得還需要提高的是：
________________________課后自主測評
C級測評：
（高樓大廈平地起，很高興你能很踏實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識，請?jiān)?分鐘內(nèi)完成）
I. 單詞拼寫
1. The fifteen persons on the Great Wall were struck by ________________(閃電) .
2. The instrument was damaged by rough _____________(使用).
3. She speaks English with an American _____________(口音 ).
4. She is always ____________(有禮貌) to everyone..
5. The old man’s___________ language (母語) is Chinese .
II 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1. The police demanded him to stand there.
he police demanded________________________there.
2. We required all the visitor not to throw waste about in the park.
All the visitors______________________waste about in the park.
3. He suggested we have supper in the restaurant.
He suggested us ___________________________________in the restaurant.
4. Animals like cats and dogs don’t go to the south in winter.
Animals _____________________cats and dogs don’t go to the south in the winter.
5. He is less like his father, but more like his mother .
As he is ________ like his mother _________his father.
B級測評：
（學(xué)貴在用，你能運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識，又向前跨了一步！如果能在15分鐘內(nèi)完成就更好了）
I. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1. ?What did he say just now? ?He _______you not to forget to bring your ticket.
A.said B.told C.suggest D.ordered
2. Mary, ________ here, ---everybody else, stay where you are.
A.come B.comes C.to come D.coming
3. He regretted ________ silly mistakes he had made.
A.what B.how C.that D.which
4.?What did the teacher say ? ?He told me _______ again.
A.not to late B.not to be late C.to be not late D.not being late
5.The teacher ______ me to have another try.
A.warned B.suggested C.hoped D.asked
6.The teacher asked us ______ so much noise.
A.don’t make B.not make C.not making D.not to make
7.Yesterday he told me that he had met his uncle _________.
A.two years ago B.two years before C.before two years D. for two years
8.John suggested ______ swimming tomorrow.
A.going B.to go C.we will go D. we going
9.“ ________ police to the guests,”said my father.
A.Please B.Do be C.Are D.Should
10.I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _______in my new job. A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D. expects
A級測評：
I.將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語 1.“Do some shopping for me ,please,” he said to her
______________________________________________________ 2.Mar said to me “Don’t forget to answer that letter”
______________________________________________________ 3.“Don’t touch anything in the lab.”The teacher said to us.
______________________________________________________
4.He said, “If the boy refuses to help, tell his father.”
______________________________________________________
5.“Make sure the door is shut, ” said he.
_______________________________________________________
II.翻譯句子
1.他告訴孩子們不要發(fā)出噪音。
_____________________________________________________
2. 他問我是否可以借給10 元錢。
_____________________________________________________
3. 他讓貝蒂去關(guān)窗戶。
_____________________________________________________
4. 她建議今晚召開一次會議。
_____________________________________________________
5. 她囑咐山姆站在原地別動。
Using language
課前自主預(yù)習(xí)方案
認(rèn)真閱讀教材，花十分鐘完成下列練習(xí) I.重點(diǎn)單詞
1.__________(n)詞語，表達(dá)，表示，___________表達(dá)(vt))
2.__________(adj.)非洲的 _____________ (n)非洲
3._______________(n)東方 _____________(adj.)
4._______________(adj.)直的，正直的______________(adv.)直接
5._______________(vt)辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn) II.重點(diǎn)短語 1.believe it _______________信不信由你 2.____________ TV在電視上 3._______________radio在廣播里 4.play a part ____________在……中起作用，扮演一個角色 5._______________your right-hand side在你的右手邊
課堂自主學(xué)習(xí)方案
I. 要點(diǎn)探究
1.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，（世界上）沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。
(1) believe it or not信不信由你（我說的是真話，）用作插入語。
Believe it or not, he walked 12 miles to to get help for you. 信不信由你，為給你們求援，他步行了12 英里。
Believe it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours. 信不信由你，我們在雨中一直等了兩個小時。
思維拓展：英語中常見的插入語有：
to tell (you ) the truth （跟你）說實(shí)話 to be honest老實(shí)說
to begin/start with 首先 judging by/from 從 … 來判斷
generally speaking一般說來 to make things worse 更糟的是
in other words換句話說 in a word總之，一句話
what’s more 而且 what’s worse 更糟的是
（2）such adj如此的，這樣的
no such thing 沒有這樣的事情
There are many such people in the world nowadays.當(dāng)今世界上有很多這樣的人。
such與all, no, some ,any few, little, many , much, several, one等詞連用時，應(yīng)位于它們的后面。
many such books 許多這樣的書
several such students幾個這樣的學(xué)生
no such person 沒有這樣的人
注意：不可以說no such a thing , no such a man
潛心辨析：
such與so
such修飾名詞（單數(shù)`復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)）；so修飾形容或副詞。但在下列情況下，“so+形容詞“可修飾名詞。
(1).so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
such a nice city=so nice a city（排列順序不同）如此美麗的城市
(2)”many/ few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”及”much /little +不可數(shù)名詞之前要用so。
小試牛刀：
1They aren't_____ ______stories in this book.
2The weather was _______ cold that I din’t like to leave my room. 3They make ______ much noise that our teacher got angry.
4They are ______ little children that they can’t do anything.
5She is ____ ____ ____ ____ as to be liked by all her classmates.=She is ____ ____ ___
2.Geography also play a part in making dialect.地理位置在產(chǎn)生方言方面也起著一定的作用。
(1)play a part in sth 在…… 起作用；在…… 中扮演角色
Electricity plays an important part in our daily life.電在我們的日常生活中起著最重要的作用。
Don’t you think the wife plays the most important part in a family? 難道你不認(rèn)為妻子在家庭中起最重要的作用嗎？
思維拓展：
play a role in sth 在…… 中起作用；在…… 中扮演角色
take part in 參加
take an active part in 積極參加
3. Although many American move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.
盡管許多美國人經(jīng)常搬家，但是他們?nèi)匀荒鼙鎰e和理解彼此的方言。
recognize vt.辨認(rèn)出，承認(rèn)， 公認(rèn)
I recognized him as soon as he came in the room. 他一進(jìn)屋我就認(rèn)出了他。
We recognized that task was not straight for ward.我們意識到這項(xiàng)任務(wù)并非輕而易舉。
We recognized him to be a great leader.我們承認(rèn)他是一位偉大的領(lǐng)袖。
思維拓展：
recognize…by/ from …通過…… 認(rèn)出/ 辨別出
recognize …as 把…… 當(dāng)做；承認(rèn)…… 為
recognize that … 承認(rèn)/意識到……
It is recognized that ..人們意識到……
潛心辨析：
know 意為“認(rèn)識，熟悉，知道“，表示認(rèn)識?熟悉某人或某事，是個持續(xù)性動詞。
recognize 意為“辨認(rèn)出”，指原來熟悉，經(jīng)過一段時間后重新認(rèn)出，是一個表示瞬間動作的動詞。
Realize意為“意識到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過一個過程后的完全了解。
小試牛刀：
請選擇recognize, know, realize 的適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡?br>1I ______ him ten years ago, but he had change so much that I can hardly ______ him at present.
2I have ________ him for five years.
3None of us ________ the danger we were in.
4. Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side, straight on cross two streets.
Straight adv 直接；挺直 adj 直的；筆直的，正直的
Straight away 立刻
The car went straight down the road.汽車一直開過這條路。
The smoke rose straight up.煙直直地上升。
This road is straight.這條路很直接。
I don’t like my hair straight so I’m having it curled.
我不喜歡直頭發(fā)，所以要去燙個卷發(fā)。
注意：straight本身就可以作副詞 straightly不是它的副詞形式
課后自主反思與測評
課后自主反思
同學(xué)們，這一課時主要內(nèi)容是語言的運(yùn)用，你有了什么樣的收獲， 或者還有什么有待改進(jìn)的地方？在下面動筆寫寫吧，善于總結(jié)的學(xué)生才是會學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生！
⑴這一階段我學(xué)會了這樣一些語言知識：
單詞和詞組：___________________________________________________ ________ __
___________________________________________________________________ __
⑵這一階段我突破了這樣一些重難點(diǎn)：
__
⑶這一階段我覺得還需要提高的是：
__ ____
課后自主測評
C級測評：
（高樓大廈平地起，很高興你能很踏實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識，請?jiān)?分鐘內(nèi)完成）
I. 單詞拼寫
1. The e________ on her face told me that she din’t want to discuss it.
2. I knew from his a_________ that he was from the South.
3. He’s from Spain. He’s s_______
4. If you look s______ ahead, you’ll see the church in the distance.
5. He walked along in the shadows, hoping no one would r____ him.
6. One of my classmates is from an _____(非洲的) country.
7. What should I do when __________( 閃電) strikes me?
8. The heating system in this _________(街區(qū))don’t work well.
B級測評：
（學(xué)貴在用，你能運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識，又向前跨了一步！如果能在15分鐘內(nèi)完成就更好了）
I. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1.The army officer ______ his men to fire as soon as the enemies came up.
A. request B.commanded C.begged D.Suggested
2.I’ve got to go now.Something has just ____at home and I am needed there.
A.come to B.come up C.come in D.come over
3.Oh,it’s you! Ididn’t _______ you.___I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing dark glasses.
A.recognize B.realize C.notice D.see
4.One should speak clearly and it is the same _____ writing.
A.to B.with C.as D.that
5.Mary is sure to find us easily, for she has a very good sense of ______.
A.direction B.humour C.feeling D.memory
6.I like all the seasons of the year, ______ the spring.
A.specially B.especially C.fortunately D.mainly
7.It has something to do with the part electricity _____ in our life.
A.plays B.gives C.takes D.makes
8.Yao Ming and Liu Xiang,______ many of us know, come from Shanghai.
A.what B.that C.how D.as
9.It is believed that _____ you work, _____ result you’ll get .
A.the harder; the better B.the more hard; the more better
C.the harder; a better D.more hard; more better
10.It is so nice to hear from her,________ we last met more than ten years ago.
A.In other words B.What’s more
C.Believe it or not D. All the same
A級測評：
閱讀理解
Tom was a clever boy, but his parents were poor, so he had to work in his spare time and during his holidays to pay for his education. In spite of this, he managed to get to the university, but it was so expensive to study there that during the holidays he found it necessary to get two jobs at the same time so as to make enough money to pay for his studies.
One summer he managed to get a job in a butcher’s shop ( 肉店 ) during the daytime, and another in a hospital at night. In the shop, he learnt to cut mean up quite nicely, so the butcher often left him to do all the serving while he went to the back room to do the accounts( 賬目 ).In the hospital, on the other hand, he was , of course, allowed to do the simplest jobs, like helping to lift people and to carry them from one part of the hospital to another. Both at the butcher’s shops and at the hospital, Tom had to wear white clothes.
One evening at the hospital, Tom had to help to carry a woman from her bed to the operating room. The woman happened to be one of his customers. She had been already felt frightened at the thought of the operating before he came to get her, but when she saw Tom, that finished her. “No! No!” she cried. “Not the butcher!” I won’t be operated on the butcher!” Then she fainted away（ 昏厥).
1.Tom made enough money by ________.
A.studying in the university B.working in a butcher’s shop
C.doing two jobs D.cutting meat up well
2.Tom was a student, but at the same time he was ____.
A.a doctor B.a manager and a doctor C.an assistant D.a manager
3.The woman patient recognized Tom because he _____ .
A.was wearing white clothes B.had sold meant to her
C.was now working in the hospital D.was going to operate on her
4.“..when she saw Tom, that finished her ”, which meant the sight of Tom_____.
A.plunged her into deep sorrow B.made her decide not to have the operation
C.broke her heart D.took all her strength and courage away
成果展示
成功寫作導(dǎo)練
【題目要求】
Sam 是英國某高中戲劇社（Drama Society） 的成員，戲劇社在每個周末都會公開演出自導(dǎo)自演的舞臺戲劇，因此，戲劇社每周都會出一份海報(bào)，介紹本周演出的劇目吸引更多的觀眾前來觀看。以下是本周演出的信息,Sam 據(jù)此寫了一份宣傳海報(bào)。
演出目的：歡送即將畢業(yè)的高三年級戲劇社的成員
演出據(jù)目：Hamlet
作者：Shakespeare
類型：悲劇
演員：即將畢業(yè)的高三年級戲劇社的成員（戲劇社主席Thomas 扮演Hamlet ）
演出時間：2007 年7月8日星期六晚上7：30
演出地點(diǎn)：學(xué)校西門附近的第二劇院
票價：免費(fèi)
海報(bào)發(fā)布時間：2007年7月4日
【要點(diǎn)詞匯】
(1) Are you a fan of …?
(2) Are you tired of …?
(3) The Drama Society is preparing…..
(4) Why not come and say goodbye to …?
【主要句型】
1. Have you started an interest in….
2. Are you thinking about ….
3. Come and join us ….
4. Do you know…
【范文示例】
July 4,2007
Graduation Drama Night
Have you just started an interest in English literature?
Are you a fan of Shakespeare?
Are you thinking about what to do this weekend?
Are you tired of all those similar plots of Hollywood movies? If yes, come and join us this weekend. The Drama Society is preparing a wonderful drama night for you this weekend. It’s a special night because it is also a farewell party for the members in Grade Three. This is their last performance in senior highschool. So why not come and say goodbye to our best actors and actresses?
Play: Hamlet
Type: Tragedy
Time: 7:30 pm, July 8,2007, Saturday
Place: No.2 Theatre near the west school gate
Actors: Members from Grade Three, with the chairman Hamlet
Ticket: Free
The Drama Society
范文分析：
1. 審題定框：海報(bào)????宣傳戲據(jù)演出。
2. 列出要點(diǎn)：（1）以排比`反問 `設(shè)問等修辭開頭以引人注意。
（2）本周要演出據(jù)目 Hamlet 歡送即將畢業(yè)的高三年級戲劇社的成員。
（3）演員介紹。
（4）演出時間 地點(diǎn)及 價的介紹。
3. 注意寫作要符合海報(bào)的特點(diǎn)，圍 海報(bào)的目的的選擇句式和措詞。
海報(bào)的開頭采用設(shè)問的修辭方法，以讀者對話，引起讀者的興趣并吸引他們接著往下閱讀。
海報(bào)的正文部分先用幾句話描述本次 活動最特殊也是最吸引人的地方，即：這是畢業(yè)生成員的告別演出，所有演員均為畢業(yè)班學(xué)生，以活動的特殊性來吸引讀者的注意，使得海報(bào)主次分明?靈活生動，而且信息轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)清晰避免了冗長的敘述。
【自主操練】
昨天你們班就“Why should we learn English?”這一話題進(jìn)行了一場激烈的討論，結(jié)果如下表。請根據(jù)表格里的內(nèi)容寫一篇海報(bào)。
Title
Why should we learn English?
Reasons
1. 英語是世界上使用最廣泛的語言，大多數(shù)商業(yè)信件，書籍，雜志都用英語書寫。
2. 學(xué)好英語可使我們更好的向國外學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)：可以更快更好地學(xué)習(xí) 現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)。
3. 學(xué)好英語能更好地為祖國服務(wù)。
4. 學(xué)習(xí)英語有時也是一大趣事。
Conclusion
我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)英語
注意：
1. 詞數(shù)120左右。
2. 根據(jù)內(nèi)容可適當(dāng)增添細(xì)節(jié)。
【探究策略】
本單元寫作訓(xùn)練是關(guān)于英文海報(bào)的寫作（Factual writing:poster）。在日常生活中，我們時�；亟佑|到各種各樣的海報(bào)；
在校園里，海報(bào)更是學(xué)生生活中不可或缺的一種應(yīng)用文寫作形式。因此，掌握海報(bào)寫作的技巧是非常必要的。英文海報(bào)的寫作也是我們中學(xué)常見的題型之一。
英文海報(bào)有以下特點(diǎn)：
二． 海報(bào)的內(nèi)容多是電影`球訊`節(jié)目預(yù)告`演出動態(tài)`招聘等等。
三． 海報(bào)的格式
1.單位和日期：與中文海報(bào)不同，英文海報(bào)的日期應(yīng)標(biāo)在右下角。
2.標(biāo)題：居中標(biāo)在海報(bào)的正上方，用簡潔`引人注目的語言概括要宣傳的主要內(nèi)容。如：Weekend Ball ,English Corner ,Volunteers Wanted, Film News等。
3.正文：海報(bào)正文沒有硬性規(guī)定的格式，可以根據(jù)海報(bào)內(nèi)容靈活掌握。一般來說，可以先在海報(bào)的最前面使用一些鼓動性較強(qiáng)的詞句來吸引讀者的眼球，通常采用排比`反問`設(shè)問等修辭手法。接著列出所要宣傳的活動內(nèi)容，主要包括活動的主題`目的`時間`地點(diǎn)`費(fèi)用等，為了使內(nèi)容更加鮮明清晰，也可以增設(shè)小標(biāo)題。主體內(nèi)容可以分段也可以不分。
四． 注意事項(xiàng)
1.海報(bào)的標(biāo)題必須簡潔明了，詞數(shù)不能太多，而且必須能吸引讀者的眼球。
2.海報(bào)的寫作目的就是讓讀者了解活動的信息，傳達(dá)信息才是海報(bào)最重要的任務(wù)，所以文字的修飾要服務(wù)于信息，不能玩文字游戲，使讀者摸不著頭腦。
3.海報(bào)發(fā)布時間不可根據(jù) 漢語寫在末尾，而是寫在左上。
Keys to Unit2
Warming up&Reading
I.1.elevator;lift 2.petrol;gas 3.official;office ;officer 4.voyage 5.native 6.apartment;flat
7.actually;actual 8.gradual,gradually 9.fluent;fluently 10.frequent;frequently
II.1.than 2.around 3.in 4.of 5.in 6.of 7.up 8.at 9.of 10.as
III1)1.quite different from 2.German 3.a wider vocabulary 4.British 5.Australia 6.government and education 7.learning English 8.is increasing
2)1.language 2.such 3.as 4.first 5.However 6.used 7.China 8.cannot 9.example 10.speaking
要點(diǎn)探究
1.（2）a journey to New York by air (3)during the voyage
2.(3)because of (4) because (6)Thanks to
3.(3) has come up (5) came across 4.(3) actually 5.(2)is based entirely on facts (3) is based on
6.(3) were present (5) presented; to
7.(2) make use of every minute (4) make doog /full/the best/the most use of
8.(3)the latter; the former 9.(3)such ;as (4) such as (5)for example
難句剖析1.（2）more than (3) no more than 2.(2)By the way (3) on my way 3.(1)going swimming 4. (1)even though (2) as if 5.(1)A number of ;are （2）The number of ; is
C級測評
I. 1.voyage 2.identity 3.formal 4.Actually 5.life/elevator 6.apartment
7.eraser/rubber 8.fluent 9.gradual 10.latter
II.1.fluently 2.is based on 3.because 4.because of 5.at present 6.make use of
7.such as 8.had come up 9.More than 10.in some ways
B級測評：
I.1---5.CBDBB 6---10 AACAA 11---15 CABDC
II.1---5ADBBB
A級測評
1.come up with some good ideas 2.different from that in the United Kingdom 3.Never mind ;you’ll succeed 4.because of bad weather
5.The expression on his face
Learning about Language
I.1.use; usage 2.command; commander 3.vocabulary 4.recongize; recognized; recognized; 5.request II.1.of 2.on 3.on 4.out 5.on
III.1.The teacher asked LiPing to turn off his recorder.
2.He asked me not call him Mr Smith again.
3.The commander ordered his solider to put up his hands.
4.John asked Rose to hand him the dictionary.
C級測評：
I.1. lightning 2.accent 3.polite 4.native
II. 1.that he (should) stand 2. were required not to throw 3.that we (should ) have supper 4.such as 5. more ; than
B級測評：1---5BAABD 6---10 BBABB
A級測評：I.1.He asked her to do some shopping for him.
2.Mary reminded me to answer that letter.
3.The teacher told us not to touch anything in the lab.
4.He advised me to tell the boy’s father if he refused to help.
5.He told me to make sure the door was shut.
II.1.He told the children not to make noises.
2.He asked me if I could lend him 10 yean.
3.He asked Betty to shut the window.
4.He suggested holding a meeting tonight.
5.He ordered Sam to stay where he was.
Using language
I.1.expression ;express 2.African; Africa 3.East;eastern 4.straight ;straight 5.recognize
II.1.or not 2.on the 3.on the 4. in 5.on
要點(diǎn)探究
I.1,(1)few such (2)so (3)so (4)so (5)such a good student ;so good a student 3.(1)knew; recognized (2)known (3)realized
C級測評：I.1.expression 2.accent 3.Spanish 4.straight 5.recognize
6.African 7.lightning 8.block
B級測評 : 1---10 BBABA BADAC
A級測評: 1---4 CCBD
writing: Why should we learn English?
English is one of the most widely used languages in the world. It is one of the working languages at international meetings and is more often used than others. It’s said that most business letters was written in English. Millions of books and magazines are written in English, too.
With the help of English, people in developing countries can learn a lot of advanced experience, modern science and technology faster and better from the developed countries.
We can serve our country better with the help of English.
Sometimes, learning is also great fun.
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