Unit 4 Earthquake
Warming up Reading ＆Grammar
學(xué)案
Aims
1.了解唐山大地震的有關(guān)情況;地震前發(fā)生的一些異�，F(xiàn)象，地震發(fā)生后對(duì)整個(gè)城市造成的毀滅性破壞，以及隨之而來的全國(guó)軍民大救援等。
2.認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)道理：如果我們能夠了解并認(rèn)識(shí)地震前的預(yù)兆，就能提前做好準(zhǔn)備，讓更多的人獲得求生的機(jī)會(huì)，減少或避免不必要的損失。
3.進(jìn)一步練習(xí)閱讀方法與技能，如細(xì)讀?close reading?,總結(jié)、歸納內(nèi)容的能力?summarizing?,猜測(cè)詞義的能力?word-guessing skills?
4.學(xué)習(xí)使用談?wù)撨^去經(jīng)歷的句子。
5.學(xué)習(xí)并掌握本課的詞語(yǔ)、表達(dá)方式、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。
WARMING UP
一.Translate the following
1.It is always calm before a storm._______________________________________.
2.Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake._______________________________.
這里imagine的意思是____________________.其后可跟名詞，代詞，動(dòng)詞的ing形式和賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：我想象不出他長(zhǎng)的什么樣兒。_______________________________________.
I can hardly imagine two of them______ the enemies.
A.defeat B.to defeat C.defeating D.to have defeated
3.Describe to your parter what might happen to all the things in the photos.
Translate:_____________________________________________________.
在這里happen to sb/sth的意思是_________________________.例如：
你知道大衛(wèi)昨天晚上發(fā)生什么事了嗎？__________________________________________?
另外，happen to do sth 的意思____________________________ 例如：
他來訪時(shí)，我恰巧出去了。______________________________________________.
Answers: 暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前總是很平靜的。 現(xiàn)在設(shè)想已經(jīng)發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大地震。 設(shè)想，想象 I can’t imgaine what he looks like. C. 給你的同伴表述一下照片里的東西都發(fā)生了什么事情。 某人或某物發(fā)生什么事情 Do you know what happened to David last night?
碰巧做某事 I happened to be out when he called.
A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
一．Read the text quickly and join the correct parts of the sentences.
1. The chickens didn’t eat because
2. The people didn’t worry because
3. Such a great number of people
died because
4. Water was needed because
5. The people did not lose hope because
Answers: CEBDA
二．Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1.Why didn’t chickens eat before the earthquake?
2.Why did mice run out into the fields?
3.When did these strange events happen?
4.Why didn’t people worry before the quake?
5.When did the first quake last?
6.How long did the first quake last?
7.How many people were killed or injured in the Tangshan earthquake?
8.Why were so many people killed or injured?
9.Who were trapped under the ruins when another quake shook Tangshan?
10.What did the army do after the big quake?
Answers:
1.Because they were too nervous.
2.Because they wanted to look for places to hide.
3.At about 3:00 am,on July28,1976.
4.Because they were sleep when the quake happened.
5.At 3:42 am,on July 28,1976.
6.Fifteen seconds.
7.More than 400,000.
8.Because they didn’t expect the earthquake before it and didn’t prepare for it.
9.Some of the rescue workers and doctors.
10.They dug out those who were trapped and buried the dead.
三． Scan the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph
Paragraph Topic sentence Position in the paragraph
1
2
3
4
Answers:
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. Beginning
Everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end. beginning
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. Beginning
All hope was not lost. Beginning
四．Read the text carefully again and find some detailed information from it.
Paragraph1.
Signs before an earthquake
What can see:_______________________________________________.
What can smell:_____________________________________________.
What can hear:_____________________________________________.
Answers:Water in the village wells rose and fell;the well walls had deep cracks in them;
The chickens and the pigs were too nervous to eat;Mice ran out of the fields looking for place to hide ; Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds; There were bright lights in the sky;The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.
Paragraph2:
What happened in the earthquake
A huge crack________________________________________________________________.
Steam _____________________________________________________________________.
Hard hills of rock_____________________________________________________________.
In fifteen seconds_____________________________________________________________.
Two-thirds of people__________________________________________________________.
Thousands of families__________________________________________________________.
The number of _______________________________________________________________.
Answers:
That was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.
Burst from holes in the ground.
Became rivers of dirt.
A large city lay in ruins.
Died or were injured during the earthquake.
Were killed and many children were left without parents.
Peopoe who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
Paragraph3.
Destructions of the earthquake:
Hospitals:__________________________________________________________.
Factories and buildings:______________________________________________.
Bricks:__________________________________________________________.
Dams and bridges:_________________________________________________.
railway tracks:____________________________________________________.
cows:_____________________________________________________________.
pigs and chickens:__________________________________________________.
Answers: All of them were gone. 75?of the factories and buildings were gone.
Covered the ground like red autumn leaves. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. Were now useless pieces of steel. Would never give milk again. Were dead.
Paragraph4.
some rescue work:
The army_____________________________________________________________.
to the north of the city___________________________________________________.
Workers____________________________________________________________.
Answers: organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.;
most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.
built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
五．Read the text again and finish the following passage.
____________ happened in Tangshan. For a few days, water in the wells _____________. From the ______ of wells __________came out. Mice, chicken, pigs and even fish became ________. At 3:00 am, everything began to ______.It seemed that the world was _________. _________ of the nation ____ it. ___________ cut across the city. The city lay _______.
Two-thirds of the people died or ___________. Then later that afternoon, another big quake ______ Tangshan. People began to wonder _____________________________. But all hope ____________. Soldiers came to help those ________. Slowly, the city began to _________________.
Answers:Strange things rose and fell cracks smelly gas nervous Shake at an end One-third felt A huge crack in ruins were injured shook how long the disaster would last was not lost survivors breathe again
六．Language points:
1.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
?translate?______________________________________________.
短語(yǔ)be covered with 的意思是__________________;例如：
地面上全是雪。The ground ____ ________ ____snow.
2.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.
?translate?_____________________________________________.
短語(yǔ)be filled with的意思是________________,相當(dāng)于短語(yǔ)______________.例如：
我們都十分佩服他的成就。We______ all _____ ______admiration for his achievements.
Instead of的意思是______________,其用法相當(dāng)于介詞，常用在名詞，副詞，形容詞，代詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)名詞前。
Instead是副詞，不能接任何詞，意思是代替，頂替，反而，卻。 例如：
他沒有回答，反而轉(zhuǎn)身離開了房間。
He didn’t reply._______,he turned on his heel ?突然轉(zhuǎn)身?and left the room.
現(xiàn)在我可以步行去上班，而不必開車了。
I can walk to work _____________ going by car.
3..Another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
?translate?_______________________________________________________.
這里which引導(dǎo)的是___________從句，修飾_____把它分解成兩個(gè)完全獨(dú)立的句子為：
A.___________________________________________________.
B,______________________________________________________.
4.All hope was not lost.也可以說成：Not all hope was lost.意思是：
______________________________________________________.
它是部分否定。
而No wind,however,could blow them away.是全部否定。意思是____________________.
區(qū)別并翻譯：
Not all the birds can sing.______________________________________.
No birds can sing.___________________________________________.
5.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
?translate?________________________________________________________.
短語(yǔ)organize sb to do sth的意思是___________________________
Eg:上周學(xué)生會(huì)組織了我們進(jìn)行大掃除。
The students union______ _______ ______ do the cleaning last week.
They organized the workers into unions.?translate?______________________________.
6.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.
?translate?___________________________________________________________.
在這里，to the north of: 在……的北面?表示不屬于同一范圍?
In the north of表示在同一范圍
On the north of 表示兩地毗鄰或接壤。
Eg.用to the east of in the east of on the east of 填空
⑴Japan is ___________________Asia.
⑵Japan is ___________________China.
⑶North Korean is _____________________China.
思考：引導(dǎo)詞為什么用whose， 在這里whose 相當(dāng)于______________. 例如：
7.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
?translate?_____________________________________________.
在這里，whose homes had been destroyed 是_______從句，修飾__________.
你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)父親是工程師的男孩嗎？
Do you know that boy ________father is an engineer??who whose whom?
Answers:
1.磚頭象秋天的落葉樣蓋在了地面上。 為……覆蓋 is/was covered with
2.現(xiàn)在井中滿是沙子而不是水。 充滿了 be full of are filled with 取代，代替 instead instead of 3.另外一次和第一次一樣強(qiáng)烈的地震再次襲擊了唐山。 定語(yǔ) quake Another big quake shook Tangshan. The quake was almost as strong as the first one. 4.并非所有的希望都破滅了。 然而沒有風(fēng)能夠刮走它們。 并非所有的鳥都會(huì)唱歌。 沒有一只鳥會(huì)唱歌。 5.部隊(duì)組織小組挖掘被困在下面的，同時(shí)掩埋死者。 組織某人做某事 organized us to 他們組織工人成立工會(huì)。 6.在城市的北方，10000礦工的絕大部分都被從那里 的煤礦里救出來了。 In the east of to the east of on the east of 7.工人們?yōu)樾掖嬲叽罱ū茈y所，他們的家都被徹底破壞了。定語(yǔ) surviors surviors’ whose
Grammar
一、關(guān)系代詞
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)�？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)也可以省略。[eg：this is your book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ)，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置
2. which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟
3. 代表物時(shí)多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等不定代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)等，這時(shí)的that常被省略 還有先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),或先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)時(shí).以及先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí).還有句中前面有which時(shí),都只能用that
4. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
二、關(guān)系副詞
關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞
why=for which
where=to which
when=during which
whose=of which
1. where是關(guān)系副詞，用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句
2. when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間［注］值得一提的是，表示時(shí)間“time"一詞的定語(yǔ)從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
3. whose是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物, 當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時(shí), 可以與 of which 調(diào)換,表達(dá)的意思一樣.
4. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí)，常用there is來引導(dǎo)
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要和你說話
Some exercises
1.The teacher has two children, ___ are doctors.
A.both of them B. both of the children
C,both of whom D. both of who
2.Do you still remember the chicken farm___ we visited three months ago?
A.where B. when C. that D.what
3.George Orwell,____was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
4.Madame Curie,for___life had once been very hard ,was successful later.
A.whom B.whose C.which D.that
5. Women ___drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____don’t.
A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /
6.He was educated at a local grammar school,___he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from which
7.I still remember the persons and things___we talked about last week.
A.who B. whom C. that D. which
8.The man,___car was parked on the wrong side of the road ,had to pay a fine.
A. whom B. his C. whose D. which
9.He has to work on Sundays,____he doesn’t like.
A. and which B. which C. and when D. when
10. Children, in my opinion,____creative ability is unthinkably rich,____is seldom taken notice of by us ,should be trained in that area.
A. which; that B. which; which C, whose; which D. whose; that
Answers: CCDACCCCBC
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