預(yù)習(xí)和檢測
翻譯下列詞組
1. 在圣誕節(jié)期間_______ (at Christmas)
2. 爆炸，發(fā)脾氣_______ (blow up)
3. 容忍，忍受 _____ (put up with)
4. 關(guān)(水、煤氣、電燈等)， 拐彎，令人討厭_____ (turn off)
5. 離開某地前往某地_____(leave sp. for sp.)
6. 超越某人______(leave sb behind)
7. 實施，履行，完成_______(carry out)
8. 使……出丑_____ (put sb down)
9.繼續(xù)做;經(jīng)營______ (carry on doing sth.)
10.做禮拜_______ (go to church)
知識探究
一.重點單詞
1. awake adj.
1) 醒著的
He has lain awake all night, thinking of them.
他躺著一夜沒睡著，想著他們。
I lay awake in his bed.
我醒著躺在床上。
2) 認(rèn)識到的,意識到的[(+to)]
They are fully awake to the dangers of the situation.
他們充分意識到局勢的危險。
3) 警惕的
We must stay awake in their struggle against terrorists.
我們必須在與反恐怖分子的斗爭中始終保持警惕。
拓展：
awake vt.
1) 喚醒,使醒過來
The noise awoke me.
噪音把我驚醒了。
2)使覺醒;使意識到 (+to)
He tried to awake us to a sense of duty.
他試圖使我們認(rèn)識到自己的責(zé)任。
3) 喚起,激起
Nothing can awake his interest in English.
什么都無法激起他對這門英語學(xué)科的興趣。
awake vi.
1) 醒來
I awoke from a sound sleep.
我從酣睡中醒來。
2) 覺醒;意識到 (+to)
We must awake to our responsibilities.
我們一定要認(rèn)識到自己的職責(zé)。
3) 被喚起,被激起
Old memories awoke in me when I saw the picture.
我看到這張照片時件件往事涌上心頭。
awake 是表語形容詞，在句中一般只作表語或后置定語。用法相同的詞還有：
alone; alike ;aware: asleep 等。
與awake 的常用搭配有：
(1) be awake to 注意到，意識到
(2) be awake 醒著
(3) wide awake 完全醒著;沒有睡意
(4) keep sb. awake 讓某人無法入睡
運用：翻譯
(1)是我們讓她意識到錯誤的時候了。
答案：It's time we made her awake to her mistakes.
(2)這里的噪音是我無法入睡。
答案： The noise here made me awake.
(3)昨晚我在半夜還毫無睡意。
答案：I was wide awake at midnight yesterday.
2. event n. 大事，事件;項目
Please collect the chief events of that year.
請收集一下那年的主要大事。
拓展：event, accident, incident 與 affair的區(qū)別
event 一般指發(fā)生的或歷史上的大事件，也可以指比賽的項目。
incident 一般指不重要的小事或政治上的事件。
accident 指偶然發(fā)生，出乎意料的事故。
affair 是個普通名詞，可以表示：大事，小事，政治事件，家務(wù)小事。
運用： 用event, accident, incident 與 affair填空
1) The report deals with the most important____ of 2007.
答案：events
2) Ten children were hurt in the
e car____.
答案：accident
3) After they had been punished, nobody mentioned the ____ again.
答案： incident
4) He isn't prepared to discuss his financial ______ with press.
答案： affairs
3. swallow vt.
1) 吞下,咽下
I swallowed the pills with a cup of water.
我用一杯水吞下了這些藥丸。
2)淹沒,吞沒;吞并 (+up)
The waves swallowed up his little boat yesterday.
昨天波浪吞沒了他的小船。
3) 耗盡,用盡 (+up)
The increase in food costs swallowed up our pay increase.
食物花費的增加超出了我們的工資增長。
4.)輕信;輕易接受
The girl is naive and would swallow anything you tell her.
那女孩很天真,你跟她講什么她都相信。
5)忍受
The man swallowed the insults and kept on working.
那人忍受侮辱繼續(xù)努力。
6)壓制,抑制
I swallowed her displeasure and smiled.
我抑制自己的不快,強顏歡笑。
7) 取消(前言)
I had to swallow my words for this reason.
由于這個我不得不取消前言。
拓展：swallow vi. 吞下;咽下
She couldn't swallow because of a sore throat.
她因嗓子疼而不能吞咽。
n. 1) 吞, 咽
I took the medicine at one swallow.
我一口吞下這藥。
2) 一次吞咽之物 (+of)
The girl took a long swallow of wine.
那女孩喝了一大口酒。
swallow 燕子[C]
One swallow does not make a summer.
一燕不成夏。
運用：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空
(1) Before leaving the hotel, he took a swallow ___ beer.
答案： of
(2) Buying the house swallowed ___ our savings.
答案： up二.重點詞組
1. Which things do you think western people have at Christmas?
at Christmas在圣誕節(jié)期間
At Christmas people often go shopping in the big supermarket.
在圣誕節(jié)期間，人們經(jīng)常到這個大超市購物。
拓展 :
(1)on Christmas eve 在圣誕前夜
(2) on Christmas Day 在圣誕當(dāng)天
運用：選擇填空
People in the west often spend much money buying things_______.
A. on Christmas Eve B. on Christmas Day C. at Christmas D. Christmas
答案：C at Christmas在圣誕節(jié)期間
on Christmas eve 在圣誕前夜
on Christmas Day 在圣誕當(dāng)天
2.blow up 給……充氣，給……打氣
He is blowing up his tire. 他正在給輪胎打氣。
拓展 :
blow up 還有“爆炸”“起，發(fā)生”“發(fā)脾氣”“嚴(yán)厲責(zé)備某人”“夸大”之意。
The man was killed when the barrel of gun powder blew up.
當(dāng)火藥桶爆炸時，那名男子被炸死了。
A hurricane is blowing up.
颶風(fēng)來了。
I am sorry I blew up at you.
很抱歉
，我對你發(fā)脾氣。
He blew her up for her carelessness.
他斥責(zé)她因她的粗心。
His influence was greatly blown up by the media.
媒體夸大了他的影響。
運用： 選擇填空
The police station was _____by the terrorists.
A. blow up B. blown up C. blown down D. burnt down
答案：B blow up 有“爆炸”的意思。
3.carry on 繼續(xù)，堅持，經(jīng)營
carry on doing sth 相當(dāng)于 go on doing sth
They carried on doing the work as if nothing had happened.
他們繼續(xù)在工作，好像什么都沒有發(fā)生。
拓展:
(1) carry on with 繼續(xù)
(2) carry away 搬走，沖走，使失去理智成自制力
(3) carry out 實施，履行，完成，后常加plan, promise, order
(4) carry about /around 隨身攜帶
運用: 選擇填空
(1)--It’s a good plan, but who’s going to___ it?
---Tom, I think.
A. carry out B. go on C. take on D. get through
答案： A carry out 實施，履行，完成，后常加plan, promise, order等。
(2)They __doing the work despite the noise.
A. went on with B. carried on
C. came on D. set out
答案：B carry on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事。
4. put up
1) 建造
We put up a house by the river.
我們在河邊建造了一間房子。
2)供給...住宿
We can put all of you up for the night.
我們可以安排你們所有人過夜。
拓展：含有put的短語有：
put off 推遲
The meeting has been put off.
put up
1) 搭建 put up a house
2) 抬高 put up the price of meat
3)提供食宿 put sb. up for the night
4)提出 put up a solution
put out
1)滅火Far water does not put out near fire.
遠水救不了近火。
2) 生產(chǎn) put out cars
3)關(guān)掉 put out the lights
put on 穿上;戴上
put down v.放下, 拒絕, 鎮(zhèn)壓, 削減, 記下, 制止, 取締
build up 和put up都有建立建設(shè)的意思.
build up 可以指建立抽象的事物也可以指建立具體的事物.
build up confidence in yourself建立自信心confidence就是抽象的事物。
build up a skyscraper here 在這里建設(shè)一個摩天大樓。
put up 多指建設(shè)蓋起搭起一個具體的事物。
put sb down 使……出丑
put sb off 取消(與某人的見面)安排
put sb on 讓某人聽電話
put up with sb 容忍，忍受
set up home 安家落戶
運用：翻譯下列句子
(1)我們得把婚禮延期到九月舉行.
答案： We've had to put our wedding off until September.
(2)把玩具玩兒完了以后放進柜子里去.
答案：Put your toys away in the cupboard, when you've finished playing.
(3)他大概喝了半瓶威士忌酒.
答案：He must have put away half a bott
le of whisky last night. >答案：B While表示“當(dāng)……時候”，從句的謂語動用延續(xù)性動詞。
(4)以招待你過夜.
答案：. We can put you up for the night.
選擇填空
(1)A New cinema___ where used to be a temple.
A. has put up B. has been put up
C. put up D. has been putting up
答案：B put up “建造”的意思，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該用被動。
(2)______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the USA.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
答案：C 過去分詞短語作狀語，放于句首。相當(dāng)于Because it was founded in 1636,
5.turn off the lights關(guān)掉電燈
Please turn off the lights because I can't sleep with lights on.
請關(guān)掉電燈，因為燈開著我睡不著。
拓展：
(1)turn off 關(guān)(水、煤氣、電燈等)
(2)turn off 拐彎，令人討厭
(3)turn on 開水、煤氣、電燈，它還有“攻擊”之意
運用：選擇填空
The dog suddenly ______me and bite me on the leg.
A. turned on B. turn to C. turned off D. turn off
答案：A turn on 開水、煤氣、電燈，它還有“攻擊”之意。
6. leave sth for sb 為某人留下某物
leave sth for sb 相當(dāng)于leave sb sth
Please leave the cake for him.
請把這塊蛋糕留給他。
拓展:
(1) leave sp for sp 離開某地前往某地
(2) leave sth to/with sb 把某物交托給某人
(3) leave sth aside 不考慮某人，將某事放置一邊
(4) leave sb behind 超越某人
(5) leave sth off 不把……列入，漏掉某物
運用：選擇填空
He is ____Beijing _____Shanghai tomorrow.
A. leave; for B. leaving; for C. leave; to D. leaving; to
答案：B leave sp for sp 離開某地前往某地。
三. 重點句型
1. while conj.
拓展：
(1)表對此的“而，卻”
He likes music, while his brother likes sports.
(2)表示“盡管，雖然”相當(dāng)于though/although
While they are twins, they have nothing in common.
(3)表時間 “當(dāng)……時候”(從句的謂語動用延續(xù)性動詞)
I was doing my homework while my mother was watching TV.
(4)表條件的“只要”=as long as 注意：常用在肯定句中。
While there is water, there is life.
運用：選擇填空
(1)____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into,
the good model will always be in need.
A. while B. when C. As D. If
答案：A while 表示“盡管，雖然”相當(dāng)于though/although
(2)--I am going to the post office.
--_____you are there, you can get me some stamps.
A. As B. While C. Because D .If
2.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
With +n +形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞
例如：
1. He likes to sleep with the windows closed.
(作狀語，形容詞作賓補)
2. He is standing against the wall, with his head down.
(作狀語，副詞作賓補)
3. She came in with a book in her hand.
(作狀語，介詞短語作賓補)
4. With a local guide leading the way, we got there easily
(作狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓補)
5. With the problem solved, we went on smoothly.
(作狀語，過去分詞作賓補)
6. With her husband to help her, she will work it out.
(作狀語，不定式短語作賓補)
7. The girl with a bag on her back went happily to school.
(作定語，介詞短語作賓補)
拓展：運用這一結(jié)構(gòu)必須注意以下幾點：
(1) with結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作定語或狀語。
(2) with 結(jié)構(gòu)中一定不用謂語動詞形式，因為它不是句子。
(3) with結(jié)構(gòu)中的副詞是指那些無形容詞形成的副詞，如on,down,in,out,up,away等。
運用：選擇填空
With a lot of difficult problems______ ,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
答案：A 用過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成。
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