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【編者按】形容詞、副詞是每年高考必考點(diǎn)之一 ，近幾年語境綜合化程度越來越高，難度加大。高考熱點(diǎn)有：形容詞、副詞詞義辨析;原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的使用;倍數(shù)的表 達(dá)方法;比較等級(jí)的修飾語;多個(gè)形容詞的排列順序;常見形容詞、副詞的慣用法等。

專題五 形容詞和副詞

關(guān)于形容詞與副詞這一考點(diǎn)，主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面：

1. 考查形容詞和副詞的基本用法

形容詞在句中一般作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語，而副詞在句中主要作狀語。

2. 考查形容詞作定語的后置規(guī)律

形容詞作定語一般位于所修飾的名詞前，但下列三種情況形容詞要后置：①形容詞短語作定語時(shí);②表語形容詞作定語時(shí);③修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)。

3. 考查多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序

多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其排序規(guī)律是：(限定詞+程度副詞+) 描繪+大小(長短、高低)+形狀+年齡(新舊)+顏色+國籍或產(chǎn)地+物質(zhì)材料+類別或用途+名詞。

4. 考查副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律

副詞修飾形容詞或其它副詞時(shí)，一般位于被修飾詞的前面，但enough卻要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞的后面。

5. 考查–ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別

-ed形容詞，通常說明人，意為“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容詞通常說明事物，意為“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。

6. 考查兩種不同形式的副詞的用法差異

即考查與形容詞同形的副詞與形容詞后加ly構(gòu)成的副詞的區(qū)別。

7. 考查形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)。

8. 考查比較等級(jí)的修飾語 。

考點(diǎn)1： 在具體的語境中辨析形容詞與副詞的語義

從復(fù)現(xiàn)的頻率來看，此點(diǎn)是高考對(duì)形容詞、副詞考查的第一大熱點(diǎn)。解答此類題關(guān)鍵是要分析具體的語境，結(jié)合基本詞義、搭配等來選擇正確的答案。

經(jīng)過統(tǒng)計(jì)，常見�？嫉男稳菰~和副詞有(按頻度排列)：even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising

還有以下形容詞和副詞應(yīng)當(dāng)熟悉和掌握： a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentiv ely; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; shor t; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well

考點(diǎn)2：考查形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)及前面的修飾語

【備考清單】

1) 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的選用及應(yīng)用范圍

比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)常用于表示兩者或多者間的比較。復(fù)習(xí)中須注意如下句型的用法：

① as + 原級(jí)adj. / adv. + as表示“和……一樣”及not as / so + 原級(jí)adj. / adv. + as表示“不如……”。例如：

(94全國) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.

The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good.

② as + 原級(jí)adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟……一樣”。例如：

(2001全國) It’s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

(2003北京) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours.

③ 比較級(jí) + than表“比……更”及l(fā)ess ... than表示“不如……”。例如：

This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.

This road is wider than that one.

④ the + 比較級(jí)， the + 比較級(jí)表示“越……，就越……”。例如：

(93上海) It’s believed that the harder you work, the better result you’ll get.

⑤ the +比較級(jí)+ of the + 名詞 / 代詞表示兩者中“較……的”。例如：

Who is the younger of the two boys?

⑥比較級(jí) + 比較級(jí)(越來越……)。___ 例如：

Our country is getting stronger and stro nger.

Things became worse and worse from then on.

⑦用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不適合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如:

The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生氣。

He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望見的人。

2) 形容詞、副詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)前的程度狀語

① 注意一些形容詞或副詞前的特定修飾語。例如：

(2004廣東) Sometimes it was a bit boring to work the re because there wasn’t always that much to do. (那樣多)

I quite like it. They are quite different / wrong.

quite possible / impossible

My hometown is much changed.

much to my surprise(很讓我吃驚)

be well worth doing (很值得做)

② 比較級(jí)前�？捎胹till, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等詞修飾。(注意more不用于修飾比較級(jí))。例如：

(94全國) If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.

(2000上海) You’re standing too near the cinema. Can you move a bit farther?

This is by far the better.

③ 最高級(jí)可用序數(shù)詞、much、 by far、 nearly、 almost等詞修飾。例如：

Afri ca is the second largest continent.

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.

I like this film the very best / much the best.

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