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【摘要】“省略句用法詳解及專項練習”非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞角度來區(qū)分其用法和細微含義。

狀語從句中的省略用法

than，as引導的比較狀語從句中的省略用法

Ⅰ、以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法

Ⅱ、定語從句中的省略用法

Ⅲ、虛擬語氣中if及should的省略

Ⅳ、不定式符號to的省略

Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

Ⅵ、日常交際中的省略

省略句用法專項練習

種類例句說明

主語的省略Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day), isn’t it?

Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea.)有時也可省略整個句子的主語和謂語，只保留次要成分。

She was poor but (she was) honest.

--Did you know anything about the accident?

--Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me.)

謂語的省略--what do you think made Mary so upset?

--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset).

狀語從句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane), the house looks like tiny toys.

If (it is) possible, I’ll go there with you.注意狀語從句中的主語同主句主語的一致性。

不定式的省略The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street.)

--Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

--I was going to (come yesterday), but I had an unexpected visitor.若不定式后面是完成時，省略時應保留have;不定式后含有動詞be的結構時，也要保留be動詞。

--Did you tell him the news?

--I ought to have (told him the news), but I didn’t know how to speak.

--Are you an engineer?

--No, but I want to be.

Ⅰ、狀語從句中的省略用法

一、如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且從句的謂語含有be動詞的某種形式(am/is/are/was/were)，可同時省略從句的主語和be動詞的某種形式。

1、when，while引導的時間狀語從句

e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.

When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.

2、if，unless，once引導的條件狀語從句

e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.

I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.

Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.

3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引導的讓步狀語從句

e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.

Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.

No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.(注：從句的主語和主句的主語不一致時，只省略從句中的be動詞形式)

4、as if，as though引導的方式狀語從句

e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.

He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.(as if/though + to do表示一個將來的動作)

二、than，as引導的比較狀語從句中的省略用法：

當不同的主語進行比較時，一般省略從句中的謂語;當從句中的主語與謂語(be動詞除外)和主句中的主語與謂語相同時，通常省略從句中的主語和謂語，只保留比較部分。

e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).

I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

三、以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。

e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.

There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.

Ⅱ、定語從句中的省略用法

關系詞的省略 關系代詞that，which，whom等在限制性定語從句中充當賓語且不位于介詞之后時，可以省略;in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語從句時可省略。

e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.

I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

Ⅲ、虛擬語氣中if及should的省略

1、當條件狀語從句中有were，had，should等時省略if，把它們提至句首，形成倒裝句。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建議、要求、命令的動詞后接的名詞性從句中，謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。

e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

Ⅳ、不定式符號to的省略

1、感官動詞see，hear，feel，watch等和使役動詞have，make，let等后接不定式作賓語時，不定式省略to。

2、do nothing but，can’t help but等結構常接省略to的不定式。

e.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.

3、在特定語境中為了避免重復，當不定式再次出現(xiàn)時，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的動詞。但不定式后有be，have時，也保留be和have。

e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.

Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重復前面所說過的內容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句�？膳cbelieve，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等連用

e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.

Ⅵ、日常交際中的省略

在情景會話中，答語常常省略不會引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部分，而只保留對方希望了解的內容。在復合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。

e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.

-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).

二、than，as引導的比較狀語從句中的省略用法：

當不同的主語進行比較時，一般省略從句中的謂語;當從句中的主語與謂語(be動詞除外)和主句中的主語與謂語相同時，通常省略從句中的主語和謂語，只保留比較部分。

e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).

I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

三、以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。

e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.

There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.

Ⅱ、定語從句中的省略用法

關系詞的省略 關系代詞that，which，whom等在限制性定語從句中充當賓語且不位于介詞之后時，可以省略;in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語從句時可省略。

e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.

I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

Ⅲ、虛擬語氣中if及should的省略

1、當條件狀語從句中有were，had，should等時省略if，把它們提至句首，形成倒裝句。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建議、要求、命令的動詞后接的名詞性從句中，謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。

e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

Ⅳ、不定式符號to的省略

1、感官動詞see，hear，feel，watch等和使役動詞have，make，let等后接不定式作賓語時，不定式省略to。

2、do nothing but，can’t help but等結構常接省略to的不定式。

e.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.

3、在特定語境中為了避免重復，當不定式再次出現(xiàn)時，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的動詞。但不定式后有be，have時，也保留be和have。

e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.

Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重復前面所說過的內容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句�？膳cbelieve，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等連用

e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.

Ⅵ、日常交際中的省略

在情景會話中，答語常常省略不會引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部分，而只保留對方希望了解的內容。在復合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。

e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.

-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).

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