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高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)：冠詞
(一)考綱要求
考綱規(guī)定，冠詞考查基本用法，包括定冠詞與不定冠詞，不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別;不用冠詞的情況;習(xí)語中的冠詞;特指與泛指等。
(二)命題導(dǎo)向
冠詞規(guī)則的靈活運用是高考命題的一個熱點，幾乎每年高考題的單項選擇或完形填空都有涉及冠詞的題目，不定冠詞和定冠詞的一些特殊用法，習(xí)慣用法及不用冠詞的情況是高考重點考查的知識點。
(三)基本用法
當(dāng)代語法把冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞(即不用冠詞)三種。冠詞是一種虛詞，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定詞，放在名詞(或名詞化的形容詞分詞)前面，說明其所指的人或物。
1、定冠詞的基本用法：
① 表示上文提到過的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
② 用于說話人與聽話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.
③ 用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
④ 用于表示方位的名詞之前。如：the east, the right.
⑤ 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級之前。如：the first, the tallest.
⑥ 用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化。如：the sick, the wounded.
⑦ 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.
⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等的名詞之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.
⑨ 用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示"夫婦"或"全家"。如：The Smiths
⑩ 用于樂器的名詞前。如：play the piano; play the violin.
⑾ 發(fā)明物。如：The compass was invented in China.
⑿ 年代名詞前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
⒀ 固定詞組中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time
2、不定冠詞的基本用法：
① 泛指一個。如：There is a book on the table.
② 指人或事物的某一種類。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.
③ 指某一個人或事物，但不具體說明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.
④ 用于某一些表示重量、長度、時間等單位前，表示"每一"。如：We have meals three times a day.(我們一天吃三餐。)
⑤ 表示同樣的。如：They are of an age.(他們是同歲。)
⑥ 表數(shù)量，相當(dāng)于one,但語意較弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.
⑦ 使抽象名詞具體化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand譯"幫手")
⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word
3、不用冠詞的情況：
① 表示總稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前。如：Children love cartoons.(兒童喜歡卡通影片。)
② 不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如：We are studying English.
③ 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
④ 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前，一般不用冠詞。如：She likes spring most.
⑤ 呼語前不用冠詞。如：What shall I do next, Mother?
⑥ 三餐飯前不用冠詞。如：What did you have for lunch?
⑦ 節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
⑧ 球類和棋類運動的名稱前不用冠詞。如：She is fond of playing basketball.
⑨ 在一些成對出現(xiàn)的短語中不用冠詞。如：arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牽手); side by side(肩對肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨門挨戶); from beginning to end(從頭到尾); from morning till night(從早到晚)等。
練習(xí)(一)、冠 詞
1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation(交通設(shè)施).
A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a
2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.
A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a
3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.
A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a
4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.
A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The
5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn't ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every
8. He was absent because he had caught ____.
A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold
9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a
10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.
A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a
11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.
A. a B. the C. another D. other
12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.
A. first B. a first C. second D. the second
13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a
14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.
A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995
15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the
16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a
17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.
A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s
18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller
19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.
A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano
20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.
A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead
21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.
A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the
22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.
A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /
23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.
A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the
24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /
25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?
A. man B. the man C. a man D. men
26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./
27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That
28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.
A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a
29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a
30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.
A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day
練習(xí)(二)、冠 詞
1. ---You mean you know the man? ---I know________ man exactly like him.
A. other B. the C. / D. a
2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?
A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the
3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.
---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.
A. a, a B. the, a C. /, / D. /, a
4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.
A. a,/, the B. a,/, / C. the, the, the D. the, an, an
5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.
A. the, the B. the, / C. the, a D. /, a
6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.
A. /, / B. his, his C. the, the D. an, his
7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.
A. the, / B. /, / C. /, a D. the, the
8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.
A. a, the B. a, / C. the, a D. the, the
9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?
A. the, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, the D. the, the, a
10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.
A. the, a B. /, / C. a, a D. /, a
11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.
A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, /
12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?
---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the
13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.
A. /, / B. the, the C. a, / D./, the
14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?
---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.
A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a
15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.
A. a, the, the B. a,/,the C. /,/,the D. /,/,a
16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.
A. an, a B. /, the C. the, a D. the, /
17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?
---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.
A. a, a B. the, a C. a, / D. the, /
18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.
A. the, the B. a, a C. a, / D. the, /
19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.
A. the, a B. /, the C. /, / D. the, /
20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.
A. /, a B. the, / C. /, the D. the, the
21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.
A. the dress B. a dress C. dress D. the dresses
22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? ---Oh, it was ____ success.
A. How, really a B. What, great C. How, / D. What, quite a
23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.
A. /,/,the B. a,/,/ C. a, the,/ D. /,the, the
24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.
A. /, the, a B. a, /, the C. a, a, the D. a, the, the
25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.
A. /, / B. /, a C. the, / D. /, the
26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.
---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?
A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a
27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.
A. a, a B. /, / C. a, the D. a, /
28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.
A. a, the B. a, / C. the, an D. the, the
29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.
A. /, / B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the
30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?
---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.
A. the, the, / B. the, the, a C. /, the, a D. /, the, /
31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)
A./; B. a C. the D. one
32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.
A./;/ B. the ; the C. the; / D./;the ( MET1991 11)
33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.
A./; / B. the; the C. the; / D./; the ( MET1992 36)
34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.
A. the ; the B./; / C. the; / D./; the (MET 1993 19)
35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A. the; the B. the ; / C. a; / D. a ; the (NMET1994 20)
36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?
A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the (NMET1994 23)
37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.
A. a; / B. the; an C. the; the D./;the (NMET 1996 13)
38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.
A. the ; / B. the; the C./; the D./; /(NMET 1999 8)
39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .
A.90s; their B. the 90s; / C.90s; / D. the 90s; their(1999.上海 6)
40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B./; a C. the ; the D./; the (NMET2000 10)
41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.
---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)
A. a; the B. the; the C. the ; a D. a; a
42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.
A./; a B. the; / C./; / D. the ; the (2000.春招 8)
43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26)
A. a; the B. the ;不填 C. the; the D. was killing
44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)
A./;the B./;an C. an; an D. the; the
45. ---I don't like_____New York at all. ---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.
A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, a
語法復(fù)習(xí)十九：冠 詞
練習(xí)一、1~5 DBBAC 6~10 BACDC 11~15 ABBDB 16~20 CDDDB 21~25 DBBDA
26~30 DCBBA
練習(xí)二、1~5 DABAC 6~10 AAADD 11~15 ACACB 16~20 CCDAA 21~25 BDCBB
26~30 ADCDD 31~35 CDDCC 36~40 AACDB 41~45 DDBCB
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