1．推理引申題的設(shè)問(wèn)特點(diǎn)
（1）常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等詞提問(wèn)。
（2）提問(wèn)中含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的動(dòng)詞，如probably，most，likely等。
2．正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)
不是文中直接或明確說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容，是間接表達(dá)出來(lái)的，除符合文章主旨外，還符合邏輯，讓考生有推敲的余地。另外，正確選項(xiàng)大多含義深刻，不是常識(shí)選項(xiàng)。
3．干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)
（1）夸大事實(shí)：對(duì)于原文中的細(xì)節(jié)或論斷的某方面程度進(jìn)行了夸大處理。
（2）無(wú)中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作為依據(jù)進(jìn)行推理。
（3）摻入常識(shí)：考生已有的常識(shí)是正確的，但不是基于文章。
（4）推理過(guò)頭：引申過(guò)度，使結(jié)論過(guò)于絕對(duì)化。
[例] If you are lost in the mountains， stay calm in the face of darkness， loneliness， and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival（生存）. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important， but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.
68．What can we infer from the passage？
A．Don’t travel by yourself. B．Mountain traveling is dangerous.
C．Don’t get frightened in danger. D．Avoid going to unfamiliar place.
本篇短文主要向讀者介紹了山地旅行遇險(xiǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)采取的應(yīng)對(duì)措施，在文章的第一自然段作者一上來(lái)就明確提出：“If you are lost in the mountain， stay calm in the face of darkness，loneliness， and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival.”（一旦你在山地旅行時(shí)遇險(xiǎn)，面對(duì)黑暗、孤獨(dú)和周?chē)粗沫h(huán)境時(shí)，一定要保持冷靜，這將大大增加你的生存機(jī)會(huì)。）在第一段最后作者還指出“actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear. . .”（實(shí)際上山地遇險(xiǎn)時(shí)百分之八十的存貨幾率取決于你面對(duì)恐懼時(shí)的發(fā)應(yīng)）。根據(jù)以上各個(gè)線(xiàn)索，應(yīng)該推斷出C為正確選項(xiàng)。而A、D看似常識(shí)（不要單獨(dú)出游；盡量少去陌生的地方），其實(shí)則是無(wú)中生有捏造出來(lái)原文根本沒(méi)有提到的信息。對(duì)于B這個(gè)斷言有些推導(dǎo)過(guò)度，難道山地旅行就都是危險(xiǎn)的嗎？其實(shí)文章要表達(dá)的是在山地旅行遇險(xiǎn)時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)靜，而且沒(méi)有側(cè)重山地旅行是多么危險(xiǎn)。
4．解題思路
（1）抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：做此類(lèi)試題要善于抓住某一段話(huà)中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理。
[例] Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds（灰狗）and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy！ Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive（好斗的）because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.
Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years，and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space，don’t make a lot of noise，and don’t eat a lot for their size. Normally，greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is，however，a small-sized greyhound，which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black，white，blue，red and brown or a mix of these. Greyhounds have smooth body coats，low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim（苗條的）they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold，especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.
69. If you keep a pet greyhound，it is important＿.
A. to keep it slim B. to keep it warm
C. to take special care of its leg D. to take it to animal doctors regularly
文中曾提到：But they do feel the cold， especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside. 從中可知他們怕冷，因此逆向推理，要注意使他們保暖。
（2）整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷：做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來(lái)去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。
特別提示 推斷一定要以文章所提供的事實(shí)為依據(jù)，不能憑空想象，這樣才能做出合理和正確的推斷。
這是一種從閱讀材料中挑出單詞或短語(yǔ)，并重新解釋的題型。這類(lèi)詞語(yǔ)一般具有以下特點(diǎn)：與文章主旨密切相關(guān)；語(yǔ)言文字或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上有一定難度，不易理解；在特定上下文中有特殊含義。
1．詞義/句義猜測(cè)題的設(shè)問(wèn)特點(diǎn)
標(biāo)志：在題干中明確指出原文中某處的單詞或詞組，要求辨別其意思，關(guān)鍵詞是：
The word ". . .refers to __________.
2．正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)
（1）對(duì)于超綱詞匯的正確解釋?zhuān)绻麑⑺鼛Щ卦模瑒t符合邏輯，使文章通順易懂；
（2）對(duì)于未超綱的詞或短語(yǔ)的正確解釋?zhuān)煸~新義，是根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)的一個(gè)特定場(chǎng)合的含義，對(duì)于這個(gè)例子我們可以結(jié)合下面的干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)一起來(lái)講。
3．干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)
（1）字面意思：對(duì)于熟悉的詞，干擾項(xiàng)會(huì)列出它的字面意思或常規(guī)含義。
（2）無(wú)關(guān)意思：除了字面意思，命題人還常用憑空杜撰出來(lái)的其他意思來(lái)干擾考生，但只要將此意思帶入原文，不符合邏輯的就能夠排除。
[例] Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world， and he fears silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence. If he is introduced to another person， and a number of pauses occur in the conversation， he regards himself as a failure， a worthless person， and is full of envy of the emptiest headed chatterbox（喋喋不休人）. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly， but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure（蠟塑人像）。
73. By "the buzzing of a fly”（Para.1）， the author means " ”.
A. the noise of an insect B. a low whispering sound
C. meaningless talks D. the voice of a chatterbox
此段解釋了人為什么老愛(ài)與他人交談。這是因?yàn)槿吮绕渌魏螙|西都害怕silence.另外再結(jié)合文章的結(jié)尾：At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long time， they just prove themselves to be successful conservationists.判斷出此題正確答案是C.干擾項(xiàng)A列出了字面意思“一種昆蟲(chóng)的嗡嗡聲”，顯然不對(duì)；B項(xiàng)表示“一種低語(yǔ)的聲音”也不符合邏輯（難道說(shuō)話(huà)就得低語(yǔ)嗎？）；而D項(xiàng)表示喋喋不休的人的噪音，所以也不如C項(xiàng)（毫無(wú)意義的交談）更符合上下文的意思。
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.douzifanli.com/gaozhong/349934.html
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