命題特點(diǎn)：
考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：英語中的書面表達(dá)就是利用書面形式進(jìn)行語言交際，是考查學(xué)生的英語表達(dá)能力的一個(gè)重要方法。學(xué)生要在大約25分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成一篇100詞左右的文章。
命題角度：近幾年的英語作文內(nèi)容往往涉及到日常生活和一般外事活動(dòng)，從命題角度看，越來越多地需要學(xué)生能夠進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考，靈活運(yùn)用語言的能力。
命題范圍：高考作文中所提供的方式有圖畫、圖表、提綱、短文等。體裁形式有記敘文、描寫文、說明文、議論文和各種應(yīng)用文。近幾年的高考主要以記敘文、夾敘夾議類寫作、地理方位變化以及對比類寫作等為主。
考點(diǎn)要求：考生要根據(jù)所給的情景和要求表達(dá)意義，要達(dá)到切中題意，文理通順 ，語言使用恰當(dāng)，語句結(jié)構(gòu)通順，拼寫正確，書寫工整，卷面整潔，單詞總數(shù)適當(dāng)?shù)戎T方面的要求。
寫作焦點(diǎn)：對比類寫作
對比類寫作是近幾年高考寫作中的一個(gè)重要的考查形式。我們先來關(guān)注一下近幾年此類寫作的考查內(nèi)容。
1999年
根據(jù)所給圖畫介紹學(xué)校發(fā)生的變化
2001年
比較學(xué)校減負(fù)前后學(xué)生生活學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生的變化
2002年
對“公園要不要收門票”的兩種觀點(diǎn)的對比
2014年春考（北京）
根據(jù)圖畫所提供的人民生活過去二十年和現(xiàn)在人們生活的對比。
不管是在人們生活中還是在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中，對比已經(jīng)是人們分析問題和解決問題的重要方法和手段，這就不難想象“對比類寫作”在考試中占有重要地位的原因了。
對比類寫作的基本特點(diǎn)：
1. 文章條理性很強(qiáng)，層次分明，語言簡潔，用詞準(zhǔn)確。
2. 常用時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)；一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；
3. 語態(tài)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，有時(shí)用虛擬語氣。
4. 對比類寫作一般有兩種方式：
(1)集中比較或?qū)Ρ龋姓f明一個(gè)對象的諸種特征）
(2)逐點(diǎn)比較或?qū)Ρ龋ㄒ粭l一條地說明兩者的異同）
5. 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞: compared with…; ;be different from; unlike…; ;on the other hand;
on the contrary; just ;
對比類寫作的類型：
1. 今昔對比（1999； 2001年；2014年的高考寫作）: 全文時(shí)態(tài)一般都是現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)
在寫這類作文的時(shí)候，開頭第一句話很關(guān)鍵。
寫作格式：提出的主題句---過去情況的描述--現(xiàn)在情況的描述---總結(jié)句
當(dāng)然，也可以對今、昔進(jìn)行逐條對比。
2. 正反觀點(diǎn)對比（2002年高考寫作）：時(shí)態(tài)一般是同一時(shí)態(tài)
這類寫作是對同一件事情表達(dá)出不同的看法，也就是正反兩種觀點(diǎn)。
寫作格式：提出問題---介紹兩種不同觀點(diǎn)---對兩種不同觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)逐項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對比（這里也可以采用先陳述一種觀點(diǎn)再陳述另一種觀點(diǎn)的方法）---結(jié)尾加上自己的觀點(diǎn)并闡明理由。
3. 數(shù)據(jù)分析對比：時(shí)態(tài)一般是兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)
這類對比寫作主要是通過對數(shù)據(jù)的分析比較得出某種結(jié)論或說明某種現(xiàn)象。此類作文切忌把所給的數(shù)據(jù)簡單羅列，而關(guān)鍵是要通過對所給數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析比較得出某物增長了多少和減少了多少。最終導(dǎo)致了什么現(xiàn)象，得出什么樣的結(jié)論。此類文章最好使用逐個(gè)比較。
寫作格式：提出所要說明的現(xiàn)象--- 數(shù)據(jù)對比---對出結(jié)論。
特別提醒：寫作中要注意對比時(shí)不要單調(diào)地使用同一句型,要稍有變化。并且要注意過渡句的恰當(dāng)使用。當(dāng)然，最后的總結(jié)句更要寫得精彩，也就是根據(jù)這種現(xiàn)象做出自己對此類問題的理解和判斷。
4. 經(jīng)典句型：
過去與現(xiàn)在對比常用句型：
I used to read the newspaper, but now I prefer to watch TV.
He liked to collect stamps when he was young, although now he enjoys skiing.
Ten years ago, there was only one middle school here, yet now there are five.
In the past ten years, my hometown has taken on a new look.
In the past ten years, my hometown has greatly changed.
In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
正反觀點(diǎn)對比：
We’ve had the discussion about whether….
Opinions are divided on the question. On one hand, ……. On the other hand……
Everything has two sides. In my opinion.
I prefer working indoors as I believe that bad weather will never bother me. While just the opposite, my neighbor enjoys working outdoors.
寫作整體框架：
點(diǎn)明主題
詳細(xì)論述
闡述觀點(diǎn)
典例精析：
2002年全國高考題：最近，你校同學(xué)正在參加某英文報(bào)組織的一場討論。討論的主題是：公園要不要收門票？請你根據(jù)下表所提供的信息，給報(bào)社寫一封信，客觀地介紹討論情況,并簡述你的看法。
60%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為：
40％的同學(xué)認(rèn)為
1．不應(yīng)收門票
2．公園是公眾休閑的地方
3．如收票，需建大門、圍墻，會影響城市形象
1．應(yīng)收門票，但票價(jià)不宜高
2．支付園林工人工資
3．購新花木
注意：1.詞數(shù)：100左右。2．參考詞匯：門票－entrance fee
解題思路：
1、 仔細(xì)審題，確定文體：屬于對比類寫作中的正反觀點(diǎn)對比、敘議結(jié)合
2、 根據(jù)對比類寫作框架列出主要句型
點(diǎn)明主題：We had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
詳細(xì)對比：Opinions are divided on the question:
60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fee.
A. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.
B. It will become do harm to the appearance of a city. （A方觀點(diǎn)）
40% of the students are for the idea of entrance fee.
A. The fee can be used to pay gardeners and other workers.
B. The fee can be used to buy plants and trees. （B方觀點(diǎn)）
闡述觀點(diǎn)：I agree with the opinion that the fees should be charged, however with a reasonable price. （‘我’的觀點(diǎn)）
3、 注意細(xì)節(jié)的描述，有時(shí)需要有理由的支撐。這樣可以使文章更具有說服力。
例如A 方觀點(diǎn)，
60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fee.
A. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves because charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.
B. It will do harm to the appearance of a city when the walls and gates are built for charging fees.
4、 注意句子的靈活運(yùn)用：
例如B方觀點(diǎn)：
40% of the students are for the idea of entrance fee.
A. The fee can be used to pay gardeners and other workers.
B. The fee can be used to buy plants and trees.
40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers， and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest，however，fees should be charged low.
對于主語一樣的兩個(gè)句子我們就可以用合并句子的方法使得句子變得很簡潔明了，干凈利落。
5、 注意連接詞和過渡詞的使用：
整體框架的過渡詞的使用：
......主題句…….On one hand, …A方觀點(diǎn)…
… On the other hand ….B方觀點(diǎn)…
… In short, …‘我’的觀點(diǎn)…
表示某一方常用的過渡詞有：
And ; moreover; what’s more; besides; furthermore; Meanwhile etc.
雙方之間銜接的過渡詞有：
However; but; on the other hand; on the contrary; Just the opposite
6、 參考范文：
Dear Editor，
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.（點(diǎn)題）
Opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public 學(xué)習(xí)方法指導(dǎo) park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls，which will do harm to the appearance of a city.（A方觀點(diǎn)）
On the other hand，40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers， and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest，however，fees should be charged low.（B方觀點(diǎn)）
Every thing has two sides. In my opinion, the point about that fees should be charged is better as long as the price of the entrance fee is reasonable.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
備考建議：
1. 在“今昔對比”的對比類寫作中，一定要把握時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用，時(shí)態(tài)通常是現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)。
2. 在“正反對比”的對比類寫作中，要注意觀點(diǎn)鮮明，立場明確，在對立的兩種觀點(diǎn)中，只能同意其中一種觀點(diǎn)，切不可模棱兩可，左右搖擺。
3. 在高考寫作中充分運(yùn)用好簡單句是很必要的，但要想一下子抓住閱卷老師的心，就要嘗試使用復(fù)雜句型。因?yàn)閺?fù)雜句型的運(yùn)用會使得句子變得簡潔明了、干凈利落。同時(shí)也顯示了一定的英文功底，但對于英語成績中等或中等偏下的學(xué)生來說，為保險(xiǎn)起見，建議多使用簡單句，不要弄巧成拙。
4. 在行文中，要注意連接詞和過渡詞的運(yùn)用，這樣會使文章看起來緊湊，連貫，邏輯性強(qiáng)。因而同學(xué)們在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，就要注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞的搜集。
練兵場：
1．正反觀點(diǎn)對比：
假設(shè)你是李華，你的澳大利亞朋友Dick聽說中國的中小學(xué)正在減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)，來信詢問有關(guān)情況。請你根據(jù)下表提供的信息，寫一封回信，談一談減負(fù)給你的學(xué)習(xí)和生活帶來的變化。
周末活動(dòng)（減負(fù)前）
周末活動(dòng)（減負(fù)后）
白天：上課、做作業(yè)
白天：參觀博物館、學(xué)習(xí)電腦、繪畫等
晚上：做作業(yè)
晚上：看新聞、讀書、看報(bào)
就寢時(shí)間：11:30
就寢時(shí)間：10:00
注意：1、詞數(shù)100左右；2、開頭已為你寫好。生詞：減輕學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)－reduce learning load
Possible version:
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books，visiting museums，and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What’s more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
Best wishes,
Yours
Li Hua
2．過去與現(xiàn)在的對比
2014年北京春季高考請按照下面6幅圖的提示，寫一篇題為“Changes in Our Life”的英語短文。詞數(shù)100左右。
Changes in Our Life
點(diǎn)明主題：
1、 點(diǎn)題：Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years.
2、 詳細(xì)對比：
過去：（1）寄信 （2）聽收音機(jī)（3）住房擁擠
現(xiàn)在：（1）打電話（2）看電視 （3）住房寬敞
3、 收尾：感想或觀點(diǎn)（一句話）
Possible version:
Changes In Our Life
Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.（點(diǎn)題）／／（細(xì)節(jié)1） Take my family for example. My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home. （細(xì)節(jié)2）And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV.（細(xì)節(jié)3） Another big change is in the housing conditions. When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture, but now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment.
In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.（收尾）
3．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)對比：
北京近年來交通工具發(fā)生了很大變化.
請根據(jù)下表和所給提示,用英語寫一篇短文,以便刊登在某家對外發(fā)行的英語雜志上.
自行車
出租車
私人汽車
公共汽車
2001
1,000,000
125,000
250,700
17,600
2002
1,650,000
273,000
390,800
18,900
特點(diǎn)
方便，健身
快捷、便宜
富有
慢、臟、擁擠
Possible version:
Along with the city development, the transport system is also changing(主題句). We did a survey on the different transportations.
According to the result, people more and more prefer convenient transportations, like taxi, which doubled in the past year(對比1). Besides, private cars have been increasing rapidly with the high living standard(對比2). While public bus, which was considered the main transport in the city, now is thought by most people dirty and crowded(對比3 ). But on the other hand, bicycle, as another traditional transportation, is still widely accepted for its convenience and benefit to people's health(對比4).
In a word, people are enjoying an easier and comfortable life. (總結(jié)句).
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